Composite-derived monomers affect cell viability and cytokine expression in human leukocytes stimulated with Porphyromonas gingivalis

Abstract

Objectives: Dental composites release unreacted resin monomers into the oral environment, even after polymerization. Periodontal cells are, therefore, exposed to substances that potentially elicit the immune inflammatory response. The underlying molecular mechanisms associated with the interaction between resin monomers and human immune cells found in the gingival crevicular fluid are not fully understood yet. This study investigated the ability of bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate (BISGMA), urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) to induce apoptosis and cytokine release by human leukocytes stimulated with a periodontal pathogen. Methodology: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 16 healthy individuals were included in this study. To determine the toxicity, the PBMC were incubated for 20 hours, with monomers, for the analysis of cell viability using MTT assay. To evaluate cell death in the populations of monocytes and lymphocytes, they were exposed to sub-lethal doses of each monomer and of heat-inactivated Porphyromonas gingivalis ( P. gingivalis ) for 5 hours. Secretions of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α were determined by ELISA after 20 hours. Results: UDMA and TEGDMA induced apoptosis after a short-time exposure. Bacterial challenge induced significant production of IL-1β and TNF-α (p<0.05). TEGDMA reduced the bacterial-induced release of IL-1β and TNF-α, whereas UDMA reduced IL-1β release (p<0.05). These monomers did not affect IL-10 and IL-6 secretion. BISGMA did not significantly interfere in cytokine release. Conclusions: These results show that resin monomers are toxic to PBMC in a dose-dependent manner, and may influence the local immune inflammatory response and tissue damage mechanisms via regulation of bacterial-induced IL-1β and TNF-α secretion by PBMC.

Toxic Effects of Urethane Dimethacrylate on Macrophages Through Caspase Activation, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Reactive Oxygen Species Generation

“…Therefore, we investigated this topic, and our findings demonstrate that treatment with 10 μM UDMA for 24 h induced significant cytotoxicity in RAW264.7 macrophages. These results are similar to those of a previous study, where peripheral blood mononuclear cell viability was reduced by 50%–93% upon treatment with UDMA at concentrations of 50–200 μM for 20 h [ 20 ]. These findings indicate that UDMA can induce cytotoxicity in human macrophages.…”

Influence of the degree of conversion and Bis-GMA residues of bulk fill resins on tissue toxicity in an subcutaneous model in rats

“…The exposition of connective tissue of the rats treated with Kerr® BF resin disks showed a high bis-GMA proportion and prolonged the inflammatory process. Despite blood cell cultures not being influenced by monomeric Bis-GMA, this monomer leads to overexpression of proinflammatory cytokines due to cell toxicity, [27][28][29] as shown in our study.…”

Műgyanta alapú kompozíciós helyreállító anyagok és azok egészségre gyakorolt hatása : Irodalmi áttekintés

“…Mindezek mellett a fogorvos felelőssége a megfelelő anamnézis felvétele és a klinikai vizsgálat, amely alapján kizárható olyan anyagok használata, amelyekre a páciensnek ismert érzékenysége van. Ennél gyakoribb az egészségügyi személyzet körében tapasztalható érzékenységi reakció [21].…”