Comportamento Produtivo De Cacau No Semiárido Do Brasil

Abstract

e CCN 51 e dois espaçamentos (4 x 2 m e 3,5 x 1,5 m), constituindo quatro tratamentos, distribuídos em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com três repetições, sendo cada parcela experimental formada por 64 plantas, com 28 úteis. As mudas foram originadas de ramos plagiotrópicos propagados por estaquia. O plantio do cacaueiro foi realizado em março de 2003, sob sombreamento provisório de bananeira da variedade prata anã, obedecendo aos espaçamentos testados para o cacaueiro. O pomar foi manejado com irrigação por gotejamento e fertirrigação. As demais técnicas de manejo foram adaptadas das recomendações existentes, levando em consideração as características edafoclimáticas da região. As avaliações ocorreram nos primeiros cinqüenta e dois meses do plantio, destacando a avaliação do comportamento inicial dos clones em crescimento e produção. Dos resultados encontrados destaca-se a precocidade no crescimento, vigor e inicio da produção com 1,5 ano em relação à região tradicional; produção de 1.770 kg de amêndoas secas ha ; ausência de pragas em níveis econômicos; não foi observado efeito negativo da umidade relativa do ar e temperatura no crescimento, polinização e frutificação do cacaueiro. with irregular distribution and relative humidity of 40%. The soil was classified as a deep eutrophic red yellow Cambisol, of medium texture. A factorial arrangement was used with two autocompatible clones (PH 16 and CCN 51) and two spacings (4.0 x 2.0 and 3.5 x 1.5 m) therefore, four treatments distributed in a randomized block design with three replications, 64 plants per plot with 28 useful. The seedlings came from plagiotropic branches propagated by cuttings. The cacao planting was done on March 2003, under temporary shade of banana, silver dwarf variety, according to the spacings tested for cocoa. The orchard was managed with drip irrigation and fertirrigation. The other management practices were adapted from the existing recommendations, taking into account the edafoclimatic characteristics of the region. Periodic evaluations were done in the first 52 months after planting, emphasizing the initial behavior of clones in growth and production. Of the obtained results it is anxious the precocity in regard to growth, vigor and beginning of production at 1.5 years in relation to the traditional region and average production of both clones of 1770 kg ha of dry seeds. Presently, it have not been observed negative effects of relative humidity and temperature on growth, pollination, fruiting of cacao and occurrence of presence of pests at economic levels. Palavras-chave:

Spatial-temporal variability of leaf chlorophyll and its relationship with cocoa yield

“…This behavior may be related to the high variability between crop yield data, and may have been influenced by genetic factors or unfavorable environmental conditions (Leite et al, 2012), as well as issues related to the adopted management (Silva et al, 2010b). According to Silva et al (2010a), these aspects compromise studies of correlation, since it is difficult to establish distribution patterns.…”

“…Genetic and environmental factors may interfere with the yield of a plant and, when different genotypes are evaluated in agroforestry system at different planting densities and solar radiation, there is a direct influence on the photosynthetic rate of the plants, making such difference in yield even more accentuated (Leite et al, 2012). Deheuvels et al (2012), evaluating samples of cocoa in different agroforestry systems and planting densities, observed that the yield estimated in bean dry matter varied along the year.…”

Impacto del cambio climático en la distribución potencial de tres cultivos agrícolas en México

“…Con respecto a los requerimientos de precipitación, la especie se desarrolla idealmente con 1,600 a 2,500 mm anuales (Paredes 2004). Sin embargo, se ha reportado que este cultivo puede establecerse en áreas secas y en zonas muy contrastantes con su lugar de origen (Carr y Lockwood 2011;Leite et al 2012), áreas similares a las predichas por el modelo en la costa de Pacífico y Sierra Madre Oriental.…”