Comportamento ingestivo de ovelhas e cordeiras em pastagem de azevém-anual sob níveis crescentes de suplementação

Bremm, Carolina; Silva, José Henrique Souza da; Rocha, Marta Gomes da; Elejalde, Denise Adelaide Gomes; Neto, Renato Alves de Oliveira; Confortin, Anna Carolina Cerato

doi:10.1590/s1516-35982008001200004

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…According to these authors, the reduction in grazing time is the result of more time spent at the trough, which increases with the amount of supplement provided. Bremm et al (2008), working with sheep, also concluded that animals provided with an energyprotein supplement spent less time grazing and more time at the trough, despite not showing differences in the size and rate of bites. Averages followed by the same lower-case letter in the row and upper-case letter in the column do not differ by Tukey's test at 5% probability.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the objective of using nutritional supplements is to increase animal performance, variations in pasture structure are often observed (Gomide et al, 2009;Bremm et al, 2008) as stocking rates increase (Roman et al, 2008), as a consequence of the substitutive or combined effects of supplementation, depending on the criteria adopted for regulating the management of animal stocking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Canopy characteristics and behavior of Nellore heifers in Brachiaria brizantha pastures under different grazing heights at a continuous stocking rate

et al. 2011

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-The objective of this study was to evaluate the Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu canopy structure maintained at different grazing heights under a continuous stocking rate and with a dietary supplementation strategy for the animals during the rainy season. This study also intended to observe the relationships of these variables with the grazing behaviors of the heifers.The effects of three canopy heights (15, 25 and 35 cm) were evaluated in association with three types of supplements: one mineral and two protein/energy supplements, the first with a high rumen degradable protein and energy and the others with a low ratio.Both the protein/energy supplements were provided at 0.3% of body weight/day. The experimental design was completely randomized, with two replications and repeated measures, and took place during the period from January to April 2008. The supplementation strategies did not affect any variable related to the canopy structure. Total and green herbage masses and the ratio of green/dead material increased with canopy height. The leaf/stem ratio was higher in the lowest canopy height: 15 cm.Changes in the canopy structure caused variations in the grazing behavior of the animals. Animals maintained in the 15-cm-tall pasture grazed for a longer time, increasing the time for each meal, but the number of meals was lower than that of the animals grazing within the 35-cm-tall pasture. The grazing time of animals receiving the energy/protein supplement was lower only in the period of the day during which it was supplied. Canopy structure is affected by sward height, and changes animal behavior.Supplementation does not affect the canopy structure of the pastures with similar heights.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canopy characteristics and behavior of Nellore heifers in Brachiaria brizantha pastures under different grazing heights at a continuous stocking rate

et al. 2011

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“…This is often associated with shorter grazing time, as shown by Bremm et al (2008) in meat sheep grazing Italian ryegrass in Brazil.…”

Section: Grazing Sheepmentioning

confidence: 99%

Models for estimating feed intake in small ruminants

et al. 2013

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-This review deals with the most relevant limits and developments of the modeling of intake of sheep and goats reared intensively and extensively. Because small ruminants are normally fed ad libitum, voluntary feed intake is crucial in feeding tactics and strategies aimed at optimal animal production. The effects of genetic, neuroendocrine, hormonal, feed and environmental factors on voluntary feed intake were discussed. Then, several mathematical models to estimate dry matter intake (DMI) were examined, with emphasis on empirical models for sheep and goats in intensive farm systems or in extensive areas under pasture or rangeland conditions. A sensitivity analysis of four models of prediction of DMI in housed lactating dairy sheep and meat sheep breeds was also presented. This work evidenced a large variability in the approaches used and in the variables considered for housed sheep and goats. Regarding the estimation of feed intake for grazing sheep and browsing goats, the accuracy of estimates based on empirical models developed so far is very low when applied out of the boundaries of the studied system. Feeding experiments indoors and outdoors remain fundamental for a better modeling and understanding of the interactions between feeds and small ruminants. However, there is a need for biological and theoretical frameworks in which these experiments should be carried out, so that appropriate empirical or mechanistic equations to predict DMI could be developed.

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“…There is a contradiction in literature existent about the results of pasture management on animals´ response in change of time spent in other activities. In ryegrass plus oat the time spent in other activities by heifers proved to be similar, regardless of supplementation strategy (BREMM et al, 2008). On the other hand, Pellegrini et al (2011) reported that time spent in other activities was reduced to 0.90 minute per day during pasture utilization.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Supplemented grazing animals have their ingestion behavior altered. Supplemented heifers grazing on ryegrass reduce their grazing time and spend more time in other activities (BREMM et al, 2008). The decrease in grazing time is proportional to the amount of supplement provided, without any changes in rumination time (MACARI et al, 2007), or forage intake when compared to nonsupplemented animals (BREMM et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grazing behavior of non-supplemented and supplemented heifers on Italian ryegrass pasture

Hampel

Rocha

Pötter

et al. 2016

SCA

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We evaluated the grazing behavior of heifers, at two phenological stages (vegetative and reproductive) of ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), in four times of the day (early morning, morning, evening, and evening), with heifers either exclusively grazing or with oat, or corn grain, supplementation. The experimental design was completely randomized, in sub-subdivided plot arrangement, in which the main plots were the feeding systems, the sub-plots were the phenological stages and the sub-sub-plots were the times of day. We assessed ingestion behavior along 24 hours through visual observation, on four evaluation dates, two during the vegetative stage and two during the reproductive stage, studying time spent on grazing, rumination, or other activities, as well as number and duration of, and interval between meals. Supplemented heifers remained less time at a feeding station, performed fewer bites daily and, during the reproductive stage of the ryegrass, spent more time in other activities. Grazing time of supplemented heifers was shorter in the morning and at evening, and the duration of their meals was shorter at evening. A change occurred in the pattern of time use when heifers received supplement, and when the structural and qualitative characteristics of the pasture changed during the vegetative and reproductive phenological stages of ryegrass. Key words: Angus heifers. Feeding stations. Vegetative stage. Reproductive stage. ResumoO experimento foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar o comportamento de pastejo de bezerras, durante dois estádios (vegetativo e reprodutivo) fenológicos do azevém (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), em quatro turnos diários (madrugada, manhã, tarde, noite). As bezerras estavam exclusivamente em pastejo ou em pastejo e recebendo suplemento (grão de aveia ou de milho). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, seguindo a estrutura de parcelas sub-subdivididas sendo os sistemas alimentares as parcelas principais, os estádios fenológicos as sub-parcelas e os turnos diários as sub-subparcelas. O registro do comportamento ingestivo foi realizado durante 24 horas, por observação visual, em quatro datas de avaliação: duas no estádio vegetativo e duas no estádio reprodutivo do azevém. Avaliaram-se os tempos de pastejo, de ruminação e de outras atividades, além do número, tempo de duração e o intervalo entre refeições das bezerras suplementadas ou não em pastagem de azevém. As bezerras que receberam 1 Discentes do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil. E-mail: vivihampel@hotmail.com; sheila_bbosco@hotmail.com; marcosalatiel@hotmail.com 2 Profs., Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil. E-mail: mgdarocha@gmail.com; potter.luciana@gmail.com 3 Discentes de Graduação em Zootecnia, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil. E-mail: lucascado@hotmail.com; luiz1989@hotmail. com; julianopetzootecnia@gmail.com suplemento permaneceram menor tempo na estação alimentar e realizaram menor número d...

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Comportamento ingestivo de ovelhas e cordeiras em pastagem de azevém-anual sob níveis crescentes de suplementação

Cited by 17 publications

References 19 publications

Canopy characteristics and behavior of Nellore heifers in Brachiaria brizantha pastures under different grazing heights at a continuous stocking rate

Canopy characteristics and behavior of Nellore heifers in Brachiaria brizantha pastures under different grazing heights at a continuous stocking rate

Models for estimating feed intake in small ruminants

Grazing behavior of non-supplemented and supplemented heifers on Italian ryegrass pasture

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