Component-in-the-Loop Testing of Automotive Powertrains Featuring All-Wheel-Drive

Kulikov, Ilia; Коркин, С. Н.; Kozlov, Andrey; Теренченко, А. С.; Карпухин, К. Е.; Azimov, Ulugbek

doi:10.3390/en14072017

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 22 publications

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“…This allows for testing a certain vehicle with specifications of any other vehicle by adjusting the resistance coefficients that control the load that the chassis dynamometer applies to the wheels. In earlier development phases with a complete system not yet ready for deployment or to support overall vehicle testing, individual components can be operated on dedicated test benches as if they were in the complete vehicle [66,67]. For this purpose, the periphery of the component to be tested is simulated by a model environment.…”

Section: Virtual Test Benchesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real Driving Emissions—Conception of a Data-Driven Calibration Methodology for Hybrid Powertrains Combining Statistical Analysis and Virtual Calibration Platforms

et al. 2021

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The combination of different propulsion and energy storage systems for hybrid vehicles is changing the focus in the field of powertrain calibration. Shorter time-to-market as well as stricter legal requirements regarding the validation of Real Driving Emissions (RDE) require the adaptation of current procedures and the implementation of new technologies in the powertrain development process. In order to achieve highest efficiencies and lowest pollutant emissions at the same time, the layout and calibration of the control strategies for the powertrain and the exhaust gas aftertreatment system must be precisely matched. An optimal operating strategy must take into account possible trade-offs in fuel consumption and emission levels, both under highly dynamic engine operation and under extended environmental operating conditions. To achieve this with a high degree of statistical certainty, the combination of advanced methods and the use of virtual test benches offers significant potential. An approach for such a combination is presented in this paper. Together with a Hardware-in-the-Loop (HiL) test bench, the novel methodology enables a targeted calibration process, specifically designed to address calibration challenges of hybridized powertrains. Virtual tests executed on a HiL test bench are used to efficiently generate data characterizing the behavior of the system under various conditions with a statistically based evaluation identifying white spots in measurement data, used for calibration and emission validation. In addition, critical sequences are identified in terms of emission intensity, fuel consumption or component conditions. Dedicated test scenarios are generated and applied on the HiL test bench, which take into account the state of the system and are adjusted depending on it. The example of one emission calibration use case is used to illustrate the benefits of using a HiL platform, which achieves approximately 20% reduction in calibration time by only showing differences of less than 2% for fuel consumption and emission levels compared to real vehicle tests.

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Section: Virtual Test Benchesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real Driving Emissions—Conception of a Data-Driven Calibration Methodology for Hybrid Powertrains Combining Statistical Analysis and Virtual Calibration Platforms

et al. 2021

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A review of component-in-the-loop: Cyber-physical experiments for rapid system development and integration

Fagcang

Stobart

Steffen

2022

Advances in Mechanical Engineering

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To meet rising demands in performance and emissions compliance, companies are driven to develop systems of ever-increasing complexity. In-the-loop methods use a hybrid approach combining a physical subsystem with a virtual subsystem in real-time that can make product development processes faster and cheaper, enabling physical subsystems to be tested in real-world conditions while they are immersed in virtual environment simulation. These techniques evolved from being used solely in controller development with only the embedded controller placed as hardware-in-the-loop (HIL), to being a more holistic technique for system synthesis, capable of both component- and system-level studies. This paper delves into the development of the latter form, henceforth referred to as ‘component-in-the-loop’ or CIL. It provides a literature review of the growing uses of the technique in automotive development, giving a general implementation guidance in system architecture, methodology and control system structure. Furthermore, it suggests the need to clarify terminologies related to in-the-loop methods for a more efficient taxonomy. Definitions are proposed where deemed appropriate. In the age of search engines, this should facilitate knowledge transfer within and across disciplines. Finally, it highlights the key challenges in constructing such systems while discussing attempted solutions. CIL has reached a state of maturity where it is ready for wider adoption and continued technological progress will only push its potential further.

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Component-in-the-Loop Testing of Automotive Powertrains Featuring All-Wheel-Drive

Cited by 2 publications

References 22 publications

Real Driving Emissions—Conception of a Data-Driven Calibration Methodology for Hybrid Powertrains Combining Statistical Analysis and Virtual Calibration Platforms

Real Driving Emissions—Conception of a Data-Driven Calibration Methodology for Hybrid Powertrains Combining Statistical Analysis and Virtual Calibration Platforms

A review of component-in-the-loop: Cyber-physical experiments for rapid system development and integration

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