Real Driving Emissions—Conception of a Data-Driven Calibration Methodology for Hybrid Powertrains Combining Statistical Analysis and Virtual Calibration Platforms

Krysmon, Sascha; Dorscheidt, Frank; Claßen, Johannes; Düzgün, Marc; Pischinger, Stefan

doi:10.3390/en14164747

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…However, the differences in the experimental and simulation results in the road test were 10% for fuel consumption, 9% for HC emissions, 24% for CO emissions, and 6% for NOx emissions. Krysmon et al [18] created software that, together with a hardware-in-the-loop (HiL) station, made it possible to simulate RDE tests, mainly of hybrid drive systems. The test results outlined in the paper showed that the calibration process was shortened by 20% and, at the same time, 98% compliance was achieved in exhaust emissions and fuel consumption.…”

Section: Parameter Euro 6dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exhaust Emissions from Euro 6 Vehicles in WLTC and RDE—Part 1: Methodology and Similarity Conditions Studies

Pielecha,

Kurtyka

2023

Energies

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The article is an attempt to perform an ecological assessment of passenger cars with various types of engines in road emission tests. The main research problem and, at the same time, the goal was to develop a method for determining the exhaust emissions from motor vehicles in real traffic conditions based on results obtained in homologation tests. The tests were carried out on vehicles equipped with gasoline, diesel, and hybrid engines, and the obtained results were analyzed. All of the selected vehicles were of the same class—passenger cars, with a similar curb weight, similar maximum engine power, and in the same emission class (Euro 6d). The authors compared the dynamic parameters of vehicle motion in established emission tests: Worldwide harmonized Light vehicles Test Cycles and Real Driving Emissions. Four procedures were used to analyze and compare the operating conditions of the vehicles in the WLTC and RDE tests, differing in how the phases in the tests were divided as well as having a different methodology for determining the road emissions in the tests. The procedures were as follows: WLTC (where the test was divided and the determination of the road emission of exhaust gases was carried out according to the standard WLTP procedure), RDE (the road test was divided into sections and the exhaust emission was determined according to the standard RDE procedure), WLTC1+2 (the test was divided into phases: 1 + 2, 3, and 4; a combination of phases 1 and 2 corresponding to the urban section of the RDE test), WLTCRDE (where drive phases were divided and emissions determined in the same way as in the RDE procedure, which assumes the division of the test into sections based on vehicle speed). The implementation of the research task in the form of an algorithm procedure when comparing the dynamic parameters of the movement in the WLTC and RDE tests is the leading goal presented in this article. The division of the WLTC test into sections (urban, rural, and motorway) according to the RDE procedure and also the calculation of the total emissions in the test according to this procedure resulted in obtaining similar road emission values in the test.

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Section: Parameter Euro 6dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exhaust Emissions from Euro 6 Vehicles in WLTC and RDE—Part 1: Methodology and Similarity Conditions Studies

Pielecha,

Kurtyka

2023

Energies

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“…10,[109][110][111] The use of Real Driving Emissions (RDE) testing makes emissions testing more complex, and VIL has been proposed as a way to replicate real-world conditions in a test rig. 112 Additional challenges exist for the testing of all-wheel drive vehicles. 113…”

Section: Vehilmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of component-in-the-loop: Cyber-physical experiments for rapid system development and integration

Fagcang

Stobart

Steffen

2022

Advances in Mechanical Engineering

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To meet rising demands in performance and emissions compliance, companies are driven to develop systems of ever-increasing complexity. In-the-loop methods use a hybrid approach combining a physical subsystem with a virtual subsystem in real-time that can make product development processes faster and cheaper, enabling physical subsystems to be tested in real-world conditions while they are immersed in virtual environment simulation. These techniques evolved from being used solely in controller development with only the embedded controller placed as hardware-in-the-loop (HIL), to being a more holistic technique for system synthesis, capable of both component- and system-level studies. This paper delves into the development of the latter form, henceforth referred to as ‘component-in-the-loop’ or CIL. It provides a literature review of the growing uses of the technique in automotive development, giving a general implementation guidance in system architecture, methodology and control system structure. Furthermore, it suggests the need to clarify terminologies related to in-the-loop methods for a more efficient taxonomy. Definitions are proposed where deemed appropriate. In the age of search engines, this should facilitate knowledge transfer within and across disciplines. Finally, it highlights the key challenges in constructing such systems while discussing attempted solutions. CIL has reached a state of maturity where it is ready for wider adoption and continued technological progress will only push its potential further.

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“…Additionally, advanced methods are being developed to ensure emission robustness and compliance up to the full useful life of the exhaust aftertreatment system (EATS) [6,13]. State of the art strategies ensuring RDE compliance have also been developed to cope with the broad and comprehensive test matrix required to effectively cover all possible RDE scenarios [14][15][16][17]. Hence, the ultimate goal is the zero impact emission vehicle, such as investigated by Maurer et al and Boger et al [1,18].…”

Section: Introduction 1motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transferability Assessment of OBD-Related Calibration and Validation Activities from the Vehicle to HiL Applications

Dorscheidt,

Pischinger,

Bailly

et al. 2024

Applied Sciences

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With the Euro 7 pollutant emission legislation currently under discussion, advanced and more efficient exhaust aftertreatment systems are being developed. The technologies required for these are leading to an increase in the number of components and control systems requiring diagnoses strategies under the on-board diagnostics (OBD) legislation. With concurrent shorter development times and significant reductions in budgets allocated to conventional powertrain development, challenges in the field of OBD calibration and verification are already rising sharply. In response to these challenges, hardware-in-the-loop (HiL) approaches have been successfully introduced to support and replace conventional development methods. The use of complex simulation models significantly improves the quality of calibrations while minimizing the number of required prototype vehicles and test resources, thus reducing development costs. This paper presents a feasibility study for moving OBD-related calibration and validation tasks from the vehicle to a HiL platform. In this context, the calibration and verification process of an active diagnostic for monitoring the condition of the three-way catalyst (TWC) and the oxygen sensors in the exhaust aftertreatment system is presented. It is shown that all relevant signals are simulated with sufficient accuracy to ensure a robust transfer from the vehicle to a HiL test bench. Special attention is given to the simulation of aged components and their influence on the emission behavior of the system. Furthermore, it is discussed that transferring OBD tasks from the vehicle to the HiL test bench could result in significant savings in development time and a reduction in the number of physical prototype vehicles and test resources required.

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Real Driving Emissions—Conception of a Data-Driven Calibration Methodology for Hybrid Powertrains Combining Statistical Analysis and Virtual Calibration Platforms

Cited by 16 publications

References 67 publications

Exhaust Emissions from Euro 6 Vehicles in WLTC and RDE—Part 1: Methodology and Similarity Conditions Studies

Exhaust Emissions from Euro 6 Vehicles in WLTC and RDE—Part 1: Methodology and Similarity Conditions Studies

A review of component-in-the-loop: Cyber-physical experiments for rapid system development and integration

Transferability Assessment of OBD-Related Calibration and Validation Activities from the Vehicle to HiL Applications

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