Complex yessotoxins profile in Protoceratium reticulatum from north-western Adriatic sea revealed by LC–MS analysis

Ciminiello, Patrizia; Dell’Aversano, Carmela; Fattorusso, Ernesto; Forino, Martino; Magno, Silvana; Guerrini, Franca; Pistocchi, Rossella; Boni, Laurita

doi:10.1016/s0041-0101(03)00094-1

Cited by 95 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…76 Despite recent evidence that YTXs may have no significant acute toxicity when administered orally to mice, [14][15][16] MBA positives due to low level contamination of bivalves by YTXs has been a worldwide problem causing serious economic hardship to bivalve industries. YTXs are produced by the dinoflagellates Protoceratium reticulatum, [77][78][79][80][81][82] Lingulodinium polyedrum 83,84 and possibly Gonyaulax spinifera, 85 and accumulate in filter-feeding bivalves feeding on the toxic dinoflagellates. Recently, several new YTX analogues have been identified in bivalves or dinoflagellate.…”

Section: Lc-ms/ms Of Yessotoxins (Ytxs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…73 Recently, a number of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) methods have been demonstrated as powerful tools for quantification of YTX analogues and structure elucidation of novel toxins in plankton and shellfish. 72,78,[80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91][96][97][98][99][100][101] A hybrid triple-quadrupole/linear ion trap MS/MS technique was proven to be useful for characterization of YTX analogues by our previous study. Figure 17 shows linear ion trap LC-MS/MS spectra obtained for YTX (peak #4) and trinor-1-homoYTX (peak #3) detected in the P. reticulatum isolate extract.…”

Section: Lc-ms/ms Of Yessotoxins (Ytxs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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LC-MS/MS Analysis of Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP) Toxins, Okadaic Acid and Dinophysistoxin Analogues, and Other Lipophilic Toxins

Suzuki

Quilliam

2011

ANAL. SCI.

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Section: Lc-ms/ms Of Yessotoxins (Ytxs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Lc-ms/ms Of Yessotoxins (Ytxs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

LC-MS/MS Analysis of Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP) Toxins, Okadaic Acid and Dinophysistoxin Analogues, and Other Lipophilic Toxins

Suzuki

Quilliam

2011

ANAL. SCI.

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“…Yessotoxins (YTXs) represent a group of polyether sulphated compounds (Yasumoto and Murata, 1993), which are produced by algae, such as Protoceratium reticulatum Ciminiello et al, 2003). These natural compounds are included among algal toxins because i.p.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective disruption of the E-cadherin–catenin system by an algal toxin

et al. 2004

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Yessotoxins (YTXs) are algal toxins that can be accumulated in edible molluscs. YTX treatment of MCF-7 breast cancer cells causes the accumulation of a 100 kDa fragment of E-cadherin, which we have named ECRA 100 . A relative decrease in the concentrations of intact E-cadherin did not accompany the accumulation of ECRA 100 in cytosoluble extracts of MCF-7 cells on the first day of YTX treatment, but a collapse of the E-cadherin system was detected after 2 -5 days of treatment with the toxin. An analysis of the general structure of ECRA 100 revealed that it consists of an E-cadherin fragment lacking the intracellular domain of the protein.ECRA 100 was not released into culture media of YTX-treated cells. Accumulation of ECRA 100 was observed in other epithelial cells, such as human intestine Caco-2 and MDCK cells after treatment with YTX. In turn, YTX could not induce accumulation of fragments of other members of the cadherin family, such as N-cadherin in the PC12 cell line and K-cadherin in sensitive cells (MCF-7, Caco-2, MDCK). The accumulation of a 100 kDa fragment of E-cadherin devoid of its intracellular domain induced by YTX was accompanied by reduced levels of b-and g-catenins bound to E-cadherin, without a concomitant decrease in the total cytosoluble pools of b-and g-catenins. Taken together, the results we obtained show that YTX causes the selective disruption of the E-cadherin -catenin system in epithelial cells, and raise some concern about the potential that an algal toxin found in seafood might disrupt the tumour suppressive functions of E-cadherin.

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“…These toxins tend to accumulate in filter-feeding molluscs, have been found in numerous countries worldwide (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6) and were first detected in shellfish samples collected from Chinese coastal areas in 2009 (7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of yessotoxin on cytosolic calcium levels in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro

et al. 2013

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Abstract. Yessotoxin (YTX) and its analogs are a type of marine toxins found in marine environments in numerous coastal countries. These toxins tend to accumulate in filter-feeding molluscs and may threaten the shellfish industry and public health. Several previous studies indicated that YTX IntroductionYessotoxin (YTX) and its analogs are a group of lipophilic marine toxins mainly produced by the dinoflagellates Protoceratium reticulatum, Gonyaulax spinifera and Lingulodinium polyedrum. These toxins tend to accumulate in filter-feeding molluscs, have been found in numerous countries worldwide (1-6) and were first detected in shellfish samples collected from Chinese coastal areas in 2009 (7).YTX and its analogs were first isolated from Patinopecten yessoensis in Japan (8) and were long classified as one of the categories of diarrheic shellfish poisoning (DSP) toxins (9). However, as these toxins cannot induce diarrhea, nor inhibit protein phosphatase 2A, like other DSP toxins, they were classified as an independent group by the European Union Commission in 2002 (10).Apoptosis is a programmed form of cell suicide. The process of apoptosis is controlled by genes and is crucial in disease outbreaks, including cancer. Once the signaling pathway of apoptosis is activated, the process cannot be easily undergone, even by tumor cells. Thus, there is an increasing number of studies on tumor cell apoptosis, with the aim to design an effective cancer treatment (11-13). Several studies indicated that YTX may induce apoptosis in different types of cell lines (14-21). However, the exact underlying mechanisms have not been elucidated.As the chemical structure of YTX is similar to that of brevetoxins and ciguatoxins, which were shown to interfere with voltage-gated sodium channels, the effects of YTX on transmembrane ion channels were previously investigated (22,23). The present study mainly investigated the YTX-induced alterations in intracellular Ca 2+ levels in Bel7402 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells and the possible underlying mechanisms. Materials and methodsReagents. Pure YTX was purchased from the National Research Council (NRC; Ottawa, ON, Canada). Fluo-3 acetoxymethyl ester (AM) solution (5 mM) was purchased from Beyotime Institute of Biotechnology (Shanghai, China). Nifedipine was purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA) and was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany). All other chemicals were of analytical reagent grade or higher purity.The Hanks' balanced salt solution (HBSS) used for cell washing consisted of 137 mM NaCl, 5.6 mM KCl, 1.26 mM CaCl 2 , 0.81 mM MgSO 4 , 0.38 mM Na 2 HPO 4 , 0.44 mM KH 2 PO 4 and 4.2 mM NaHCO 3 . The pH of the HBSS was adjusted to 7.4 with 0.1 M HCl and NaOH.

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Complex yessotoxins profile in Protoceratium reticulatum from north-western Adriatic sea revealed by LC–MS analysis

Cited by 95 publications

References 20 publications

LC-MS/MS Analysis of Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP) Toxins, Okadaic Acid and Dinophysistoxin Analogues, and Other Lipophilic Toxins

LC-MS/MS Analysis of Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP) Toxins, Okadaic Acid and Dinophysistoxin Analogues, and Other Lipophilic Toxins

Selective disruption of the E-cadherin–catenin system by an algal toxin

Effect of yessotoxin on cytosolic calcium levels in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro

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