Complex Hydrothermal Reaction Systems: A Systematic Investigation of Copper Phosphonatoethanesulfonates by High‐Throughput Methods

Abstract

Nickel cobaltite, a low cost and an environmentally friendly supercapacitive material, is deposited as a thin nanostructure of 3–5 nm nanocrystals into carbon aerogels, a mesoporous host template of high specific surface areas and high electric conductivities, with a two‐step wet chemistry process. This nickel cobaltite/carbon aerogel composite shows ultrahigh specific capacitances of around 1700 F g−1 at a scan rate of 25 mV s−1 within a potential window of −0.05 to 0.5 V in 1 M NaOH solutions. The composite also possesses an excellent high rate capability manifested by maintaining specific capacitances above 800 F g−1 at a high scan rate of 500 mV s−1, and an outstanding cycling stability demonstrated by a negligible 2.4% decay in specific capacitances after 2000 cycles. The success is attributable to the fuller utilization of nickel cobaltite for pseudocapacitance generation, made possible by the composite structure enabling well exposed nickel cobaltite to the electrolyte and easy transport of charge carriers, ions, and electrons, within the composite electrode.

Systematic Hydrothermal Investigation of Metal Phosphonatobenzenesulfonates by High‐Throughput Methods

“…[35] The copper(II) phosphonatosulfonates, Cu 2 [(O 3 P-C 2 H 4 -SO 3 )-(OH)(H 2 O)](H 2 O) and Cu 2.5 (O 3 P-C 2 H 4 -SO 3 )(OH) 2 ranges from 151.9(3)-155.9(3) pm for P-O and 146.0(4)-147.2(3) pm for S-O. [26] These values clearly show, that the S-O bond lengths are shorter than the P-O distances and thus, facilitate the identification of S and P atoms.…”

“…Molar ratios M 2+ /H 3 L Ͼ 1 were used since the reported metal phosphonatosulfonate compounds have always high metal-to-linker ratios. [26,35] All products were analyzed via high-throughput X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD). Figure S1).…”

“…[24,25] Linkers containing a phosphonic and a sulfonic acid group have only been recently investigated. By using the flexible linker molecules 2-phosphonoethane-and 4-phosphonobutanesulfonic acid, our group has explored the synthesis of several hybrid compounds with different Cu 2+ , [26] Sr 2+ , [27] Ba 2+ , [28] and lanthanide ions. [29,30] Rigid phosphonoarylsulfonic acids, i.e.…”

[Al4(OH)2(OCH3)4(H2N‐bdc)3]⋅x H2O: A 12‐Connected Porous Metal–Organic Framework with an Unprecedented Aluminum‐Containing Brick

“…[12] In this context, the use of high-throughput methods has been shown to be a valuable tool for the systematic and efficient investigation of hydrothermal reaction systems. Such systematic investigations in the field of inorganic-organic hybrid compounds are still rare, [13][14][15][16][17] although different reagents, reaction stoichiometries, and process parameters have a strong influence on the product formation.…”

“…In the course of the systematic investigation of the formation of new or functionalized isoreticular aluminumcontaining MOFs, high-throughput experiments were performed with various chemical and process parameters. [11,14,17] Thus, the influence of the molar ratios of starting compounds, the solvents, and the use of different aluminum salts on the product formation in the system Al 3+ /H 2 N-H 2 bdc/solvent was studied (Figure 2). Three Al 3+ /H 2 N-H 2 bdc molar ratios (1:2, 1:1, and 2:1) were used in four different solvents.…”