Complete coverage of a tissue expander by a musculofascial pocket including the sternalis muscle during breast reconstruction

Ishii, Naohiro; Shimizu, Yusuke; Ando, Jun; Harao, Michiko; Takemae, Masaru; Kishi, Kazuo

doi:10.5999/aps.2017.00017

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 3 publications

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“…When detected pre-surgery, it can be used as a muscle flap in sub-pectoral breast reconstruction and potentially improve aesthetic results or reduce the cost by avoiding the use of acellular dermal matrix, in order to fully cover the prosthesis. It can also be used in breast augmentation by providing extra cover for the prosthesis and improve cosmesis [35]. Enlarged S may impact on sub-pectoral breast reconstruction, as it is often associated with a defect in the medial aspect of the ipsilateral PM, which exposes the costal cartilages medially [22,34,59,83].…”

Section: Clinical Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Accessory muscles of the anterior thoracic wall and axilla. Cadaveric, surgical and radiological incidence and clinical significance during breast and axillary surgery

et al. 2019

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Background: The present study aims to summarise the accessory muscles of the anterior thoracic wall and axilla that can be encountered during breast and axillary surgery and record their incidence and clinical significance. Moreover, the laterality of the atypical muscles is highlighted and possible gender dimorphism is referred. Accessory anterior thoracic wall muscles include: Langer's axillary arch, sternalis muscle, chondrocoracoideus, chondroepitrochlearis, chondrofascialis, pectoralis minimus, pectoralis quartus and pectoralis intermedius. Materials and methods: The anatomical, surgical and radiological literature has been reviewed and an anatomical study on 48 Greek adult cadavers was performed. Results: Literature review revealed the existence of accessory muscles of the anterior thoracic wall and axilla that have a significant incidence that can be considered high and may, therefore, have clinical significance. For the most common of these muscles, which are axillary arch (Langer's) and sternalis muscle, the cadaveric incidence is 10.30% and 7.67%, respectively. In the current cadaveric study, accessory thoracic wall muscles were identified in two cadavers; namely a bilateral sternalis muscle (incidence 2.08%) extending both to the anterior and posterior surface of the sternum and a left-sided chondrocoracoideus muscle (of Wood) (incidence 2.08%). Conclusions: Despite the fact that accessory anterior thoracic wall and axillary muscles are considered to be rare, it is evident that the incidence of at least some of them is high enough to encounter them in clinical practice. Thus, clinicians' awareness of these anatomical structures is advisable. (Folia Morphol 2019; 78, 3: 606-616)

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Section: Clinical Significancementioning

confidence: 99%