Sternalis is muscle: An anatomic variation and its clinical implications

Akyurek, Ulku; Caragacianu, Diana; Akyürek, Mustafa

doi:10.1016/j.bjps.2020.08.004

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…9,19 In view of this, the abundance of different origins and insertions of the variations of the sternal muscle, makes it difficult to reach a consensus regarding its function. The morphometry of the sternal muscle in adults is very variable, with a length between 10 and 23 cm on the right side and 13,5 to 26 cm on the left side, [7][8][9]15,17 which is in accordance with the dimensions found in our study, where its dimensions were 10.8 cm long and 3.8 cm broad.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…According to data in the literature, its prevalence is higher in women than in men, which is in accordance with our case, as well as that of other authors. 2,8,9,15 Regarding ethnicity, it is more frequent in the Asian population, 3,18 specially in the Indians. 8 In our study, the sternal muscle found is in accordance with the morphological characteristics described by Jelev et al, 8 as being a type I muscle, that is, unilateral muscular belly, its fibers presented an oblique direction and rested on the origin of the pectoralis major muscle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14 Clinically, the sternal muscle can be confused with several benign or malignant lesions, especially breast tumors. 15 Hence, mastologists must be aware of these anatomical variants to distinguish between normal structures and lesions that can represent breast cancer. Therefore, the objective of our work is to report the existence of and describe the sternal muscle in an adult melanodermic female cadaver.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Unilateral sternal muscle in an adult melanodermic cadaver

Aragão¹,

Santos²,

Silva³

et al. 2021

MOJAP

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The sternal muscle, also known as sternalis, rectussternal, parasternal or japonicus is a curious case of anatomical variation of the anterior chest wall. During a routine dissection, a muscle mass related to the sternum was found in the anterior wall of the right hemithorax in a melanodermic female cadaver. The literature, its incidence is mentioned to vary from 3.1 to 23.5%, and little is known about its function with divergences regarding its origin, insertion, innervation and vascularization. Clinically, some mastologists report that this finding is often confused with a tumor, making it difficult to distinguish between normal structures or lesions that symbolize cancer.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Unilateral sternal muscle in an adult melanodermic cadaver

Aragão¹,

Santos²,

Silva³

et al. 2021

MOJAP

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Of the articles included, four (18.18%) were randomized studies [1,5,6,11] 12 (54.54%) were case reports [2,3,[7][8][9][10][12][13][14]17,18,20],…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, vascularity is not a consensus in the current literature and is not addressed in the case reports and the randomized studies we evaluated [3,5,[8][9][10]. The innervation of the sternal muscle is also poorly defined, but researchers argue that both pectoral nerve and the intercostal nerve may play a role in its innervation, and some authors argue that the thoracic nerves may also be responsible for this muscle innervation [3,7,13]. Its functions are accessory [5,6] to ventilatory muscles, helping in the elevation of the lower ribs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Sternalis Muscle: A Case Report and Literature Review

Chinelatto,

Hojaij,

Carvalho

et al. 2023

Int J Cadaver Stud Ant Var

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction and Objective: The sternal muscle is a rare anatomical variation found in the anterior chest wall. This study's objective was to make a narrative review of the anatomical and epidemiological aspects of the sternal muscle, as well as to present its finding in one of this group’s dissections. Materials and Methods: This study consisted of a literature review using Pubmed and LILACS platforms. Articles were analyzed regarding incidence, laterality, action, innervation, and vascularization of the sternal muscle. We also present a case report based on a cadaveric dissection of the Hospital das Clínicas, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo (HCFMUSP). Results: Our review included 22 articles. The anatomical variation incidence ranged from 1.96% to 5.55%, with a higher predominance of a bilateral presentation. The action of the sternal muscle is predominantly accessory and there are divergences in the literature regarding its innervation and vascularization. Our case reports the finding of a unilateral sternal muscle in the left paramedian line inserted in both sternocleidomastoid muscles, in a female patient. Conclusion: The sternal muscle has a small incidence in the population and it is usually bilateral. The anatomical knowledge of this muscle is important to prevent it from being confused with other structures commonly found in the chest and cervical region. Significance/Implication: The importance of sternal muscle importance cannot be overlooked due to possible misinterpretations in imaging and its possible influence on mastectomies. Wider case series are necessary for a better definition of its irrigation and innervation.

show abstract