Complementary Metamaterial Sensor for Nondestructive Evaluation of Dielectric Substrates

Haq, Tanveer Ul; Ruan, Cunjun; Zhang, Xingyun; Ullah, Shahid

doi:10.3390/s19092100

Cited by 52 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Simulated and measured resonance frequencies of the sensor due to interaction with MUTs. The relationship between the measured resonance frequencies and real relative permittivity of the MUT can be approximated by a polynomial function, as given in [64]:…”

Section: Measurement and Sensitivity Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Extremely Sensitive Microwave Sensor for Evaluation of Dielectric Characteristics of Low-Permittivity Materials

Haq

Ruan

Zhang

et al. 2020

Sensors

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In this paper, an extremely sensitive microwave sensor is designed based on a complementary symmetric S shaped resonator (CSSSR) to evaluate dielectric characteristics of low-permittivity material. CSSSR is an artificial structure with strong and enhanced electromagnetic fields, which provides high sensitivity and a new degree of freedom in sensing. Electromagnetic simulation elucidates the effect of real relative permittivity, real relative permeability, dielectric and magnetic loss tangents of the material under test (MUT) on the resonance frequency and notch depth of the sensor. Experiments are performed at room temperature using low-permittivity materials to verify the concept. The proposed design provides differential sensitivity between 102% to 95% as the relative permittivity of MUT varies from 2.1 to 3. The percentage error between simulated and measured results is less than 0.5%. The transcendental equation has been established by measuring the change in the resonance frequency of the fabricated sensor due to interaction with the MUT.

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Section: Measurement and Sensitivity Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Extremely Sensitive Microwave Sensor for Evaluation of Dielectric Characteristics of Low-Permittivity Materials

Haq

Ruan

Zhang

et al. 2020

Sensors

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“…In this regard, metamaterial resonators offer higher sensitivity than other microwave sensors and they have been reportedly found to sense small variation in EM (electromagnetic) properties of the sample [12]. As a result, metamaterial-based sensors have been presented for dielectric characterisation of ethanol and methanol [13], assessment of dielectric substrates [14], blood glucose monitoring [15][16][17], measurement of material thickness [18], biomedical applications [19], detection of cancerous cells [20], and the evaluation of oils [21]. Metamaterials (MMs) are artificially engineered structures that exhibit negative permeability and permittivity simultaneously [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Millimetre-Wave Metamaterial-Based Sensor for Characterisation of Cooking Oils

Qureshi

Abidin

Ashyap

et al. 2021

International Journal of Antennas and Propagation

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The characterisation of the cooking oils presents a significant challenge due to minor changes in their dielectric behaviour. In this paper, a new metamaterial-based sensor incorporating a split-ring resonator (SRR) with a microstrip transmission line is presented to characterise cooking oils. The design demonstrates metamaterial characteristics of negative permittivity and permeability simultaneously at the resonance frequency. Furthermore, its operation in the range of millimetre-wave frequencies can further enhance its sensitivity, especially for liquid materials. The sensor’s novelty is the operation at millimetre-wave frequencies that offers a high shift in the transmission coefficient while operating at 30 GHz. The sensor’s performance analysis is undertaken by using six MUTs with dielectric constants ranging from 0.126 to 4.47. The presented structure designed on 12 × 8 mm2 Rogers substrate offers a sensitivity of 1.12 GHz per unit change in dielectric constant. The phase's shift demonstrates a lower percentage error than the amplitude and linearly moves towards higher frequencies with the increase in dielectric constant and tangent loss of MUT. The designed sensor can be prominently useful for detecting liquids' chemical characteristics in chemistry and medicine fields.

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“…Ring resonators are simple and efficient components for measuring electric permittivity and magnetic permeability. They were used as ring resonators for frequency stabilization [ 14 ], an ultra-low power CMOS (Complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor) oscillator using film bulk acoustic resonator [ 15 ], permittivity sensor for the dielectric characterization of liquid materials [ 16 ], metamaterial sensor for nondestructive evaluation of dielectric substrates [ 17 ], and plasmonic refractive sensor that guarantees effective coupling between the waveguide and resonator [ 18 ]. They can be realized in microstrip technology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Power Contactless Bioimpedance Sensor for Monitoring Breathing Activity

Pavlin

Novak

Papa

2021

Sensors

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An electronic circuit for contactless detection of impedance changes in a tissue is presented. It operates on the principle of resonant frequency change of the resonator having the observed tissue as a dielectric. The operating frequency reflects the tissue dielectric properties (i.e., the tissue composition and on the tissue physiological changes). The sensor operation was tested within a medical application by measuring the breathing of a patient, which was an easy detectable physiological process. The advantage over conventional contact bioimpedance measurement methods is that no direct contact between the resonator and the body is required. Furthermore, the sensor’s wide operating range, ability to adapt to a broad range of measured materials, fast response, low power consumption, and small outline dimensions enables applications not only in the medical sector, but also in other domains. This can be extended, for example, to food industry or production maintenance, where the observed phenomena are reflected in dynamic dielectric properties of the observed object or material.

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Complementary Metamaterial Sensor for Nondestructive Evaluation of Dielectric Substrates

Cited by 52 publications

References 20 publications

Extremely Sensitive Microwave Sensor for Evaluation of Dielectric Characteristics of Low-Permittivity Materials

Extremely Sensitive Microwave Sensor for Evaluation of Dielectric Characteristics of Low-Permittivity Materials

Millimetre-Wave Metamaterial-Based Sensor for Characterisation of Cooking Oils

Low Power Contactless Bioimpedance Sensor for Monitoring Breathing Activity

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