“…Using the Delphi Method to study 43 professionals from the top 1 to 3 HR associations in Korea (Lee, 2009); Bae et al (2004) studied training and development programs from 344 Korean companies Singapore A total of 5 000 managers participated in studies of HRD competency (Naquin et al, 2002) and professional HRD traits (Osman-Gani, 2002) Taiwan of China Used 266 valid questionnaires, studying 40.4 % small and medium-sized enterprises and 37.9 % large and medium-sized enterprises (Chen et al, 2005); also a study of HRD outputs of work (Lien, 2004) China's mainland Used research data from 7 provinces of China, 174 valid questionnaires, including 48.6 % state-owned enterprises, 27.7 % foreign enterprises, 14.5 % private enterprises, and 9.2% other organizations (Xie, 2005); 800 questionnaires to 12 companies in Shanghai, Nanjing, and Tianjin (Zhu, 1998); a training and development study of 310 technicians in Beijing (Hutchings, Kate, et al, 2009) India Uses a study from 252 enterprises, including 127 private enterprises, 99 public enterprises a , and 26 international enterprises (Yadapadithaya, 2001); Rao (2007) studied 12 representative companies Note: a. Public enterprises include state-owned and collective-owned enterprises.…”