Comparisons of Salinity Tolerances and Osmotic Regulatory Capabilities in Populations of Sailfin Molly (Poecilia latipinna) from Brackish and Fresh Waters

Nordlie, Frank G.; Haney, Dennis C.; Walsh, Steven J.

doi:10.2307/1446150

Cited by 51 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Similarly, survivorship did not differ among fish exposed to salinities ranging from 0 to 15 ppt if this exposure was preceded by an acclimation period of 42 d (Nordlie & Mirandi 1996). In Poecilia latipinna collected from freshwater and brackish (mean = 15 ppt) sites, the plasma osmotic concentrations did not significantly differ over the range of salinity levels of from 0 to 75 ppt, and survival was affected only for salinities > 70 ppt, where the brackish population had a higher survivorship (Nordlie et al 1992). The environmental gradient along which we collected these fish ranged in salinity from 0.1 to 12.8 ppt, which is within the salinity tolerance limits of all 3 species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…obs. ), followed by G. affinis, with a range of 0 to 58.5 ppt (Chervinski 1983), and P. latipinna is the most tolerant (0 to 80 ppt) (Nordlie et al 1992). Even though these 3 species occur along a salinity gradient of coastal marshes in Louisiana, their relative abundances differ with salinity: H. formosa and G. affinis occur at higher densities at fresh marshes, while P. latipinna occurs at higher densities in intermediate and brackish marshes (A. T. Hitch et al unpubl.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Life history variation along a salinity gradient in coastal marshes

Martin¹,

Hitch²,

Purcell³

et al. 2009

Aquat. Biol.

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Coastal habitats are susceptible to changes in the environment associated with alterations in salinity. A field study was conducted on natural populations of the sailfin molly Poecilia latipinna, the western mosquitofish Gambusia affinis and the least killifish Heterandria formosa collected from coastal marsh sites along a salinity gradient, to investigate the influence of salinity on body condition and reproductive life history traits. In brackish marsh sites male P. latipinna had the best body conditions, while females had similar body conditions across all 3 marsh types. Female P. latipinna had greater reproductive allotment and fecundity in brackish marshes, where this fish was most abundant. Specimens of G. affinis collected from fresh marsh sites had less favorable body condition, and females had lower reproductive allotment and fecundity than those collected from higher salinities. While G. affinis was more abundant in freshwater marshes than in higher salinity marshes, this higher abundance did not correspond with a better body condition or higher reproductive effort, suggesting that G. affinis may be stressed in freshwater. There was no difference in the conditions between (both male and female) H. formosa from fresh and intermediate marshes. Female H. formosa from fresh marshes had a similar reproductive allotment and lower fecundity than those from intermediate marshes. The 3 species exhibited different life history patterns along the salinity gradient, and some of these patterns conflicted with expectations based on species abundances. When assessing habitat quality along an environmental gradient, measures of abundance should be accompanied by more sensitive indicators of environmental stress.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life history variation along a salinity gradient in coastal marshes

Martin¹,

Hitch²,

Purcell³

et al. 2009

Aquat. Biol.

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“…However, there are some species that can tolerate higher salinities and a few that can survive extended exposure in water with salinities over 120 ppt (Nordlie 1985;Nordlie et al 1992;Nordlie and Haney 1998). Most of these species are euryhaline inhabitants of coastal intertidal pools since the most saline inland lakes/seas are far too saline for vertebrates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of these species are euryhaline inhabitants of coastal intertidal pools since the most saline inland lakes/seas are far too saline for vertebrates. Tolerant fish come from diverse phylogenetic origins, but the best studied are from the families Cyprinodontidae, such as the mummichog Fundulus heteroclitus, sheepshead minnow Cyprinodon variegatus, and Arabian killifish Aphanius dispar; Cichlidae, such as Mozambique tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus and black-chinned tilapia Sarotherodon melanotheron; and Poecilidae, such as the sailfin molly Poecilia latipinna (Nordlie 1985;Nordlie et al 1992;Nordlie and Haney 1998;Tine et al 2007;Ouattara et al 2009). Studies have documented the hypersalinity tolerance of these species and others either in the lab or their natural habitat, but relatively few studies have examined the underlying physiological and biochemical specializations these species possess that allow them to survive in such harsh conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The physiology of hyper-salinity tolerance in teleost fish: a review

Gonzalez

2011

J Comp Physiol B

109

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Hyper-saline habitats (waters with salinity >35 ppt) are among the harshest aquatic environments. Relatively few species of teleost fish can tolerate salinities much above 50 ppt, because of the challenges to osmoregulation, but those that do, usually estuarine, euryhaline species, show a strong ability to osmoregulate in salinities well over 100 ppt. Typically, plasma Na(+) and Cl(-) concentrations rise slowly or not at all up to about 65 ppt. At higher salinities ion levels do rise, but the increase is small relative to the magnitude of increase in concentrations of the surrounding water. A number of adjustments are responsible for such strong osmoregulation. Reduced branchial water permeability is indicated by the observation that with the exposure to hyper-salinities drinking rates rise more slowly than the branchial osmotic gradient. Lower water permeability limits osmotic water loss and greatly reduces the salt load incurred in replacing it. Still, increased gut Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (NAK) activity is necessary to absorb the larger gut salt load and increased HCO(3) (-) secretion is required to precipitate Ca(2+) and some Mg(2+) in the imbibed water to facilitate water absorption. All Na(+) and Cl(-) taken up must be excreted and increased branchial salt excreting capacity is indicated by elevated mitochondrion-rich cell density and size, gill NAK activity and expression of chloride channels. Excretion of Na(+) and Cl(-) occurs against a larger gradient than in seawater and calculation of the equilibrium potential for Na(+) across the gill epithelium indicates that the trans-epithelial potential required for excretion of Na(+) climbs with salinity up to about 65 ppt before leveling off due to the increasing plasma Na(+) levels. During acute transition to SW or mildly hyper-saline waters, some species have shown the ability to upregulate branchial NAK activity rapidly and this may play an important role in limiting disturbances at higher salinities. It does not appear that the opercular epithelium, which in SW acts in a way that is functionally similar to the gills, continues to do so in hyper-saline waters. Little is know about the hormones involved in acclimation to hyper-salinity, but the few studies available suggest a role for cortisol, but not growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor. Despite the increased transport capacity evident in both the gill and gut in hyper-saline waters there is no clear trend toward increased metabolic rate. These studies provide a general outline of the mechanisms of osmoregulation in these species, but significant questions still remain.

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“…Approximately, 300 adult sailfin mollies, Poecilia latipinna L., of both sexes (total weight = 20.5 ± 0.33 g (mean ± SD); total length = 85.73 ± 0.03 mm (mean ± SD)) were obtained from a local dealer and acclimated to 15 g/L saltwater to favor effective delivery of the agent from water to the animals in hyperosmotic condition (Nordlie et al, 1992). In order to select the animals with synchronous reproductive cycle, they were then maintained for another two weeks in a 1000 L community during which all of the females bread at the 15th day constituted experimental females (N = 89) and the males displaying least heterosexual mating attempts (< 2 attempts/h) at the same day were selected as experimental males (N = 56) and kept in sexually isolated tanks one week prior to experiment.…”

Section: Study Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single and repeated exposure to methamphetamine induces altered sexual behavior in male sailfin molly (Poecilia latipinna Lesueur) (Pisces)

Ghazilou¹

2011

Afr. J. Pharm. Pharmacol.

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In order to evaluate the effects of methamphetamine on sexual behavior of fish, saltwater-acclimatized male sailfin molly Poecilia latipinna L. (Pisces) adults were exposed to 0.1, 0.5, 1 mg/L methamphetamine (MA) concentrations and were observed for alterations in sexual behavior at 2 nd , 5 th or 7 th exposure days. The overall changes displayed by the subjected fish included different acute and chronic responses.

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Comparisons of Salinity Tolerances and Osmotic Regulatory Capabilities in Populations of Sailfin Molly (Poecilia latipinna) from Brackish and Fresh Waters

Cited by 51 publications

References 3 publications

Life history variation along a salinity gradient in coastal marshes

Life history variation along a salinity gradient in coastal marshes

The physiology of hyper-salinity tolerance in teleost fish: a review

Single and repeated exposure to methamphetamine induces altered sexual behavior in male sailfin molly (Poecilia latipinna Lesueur) (Pisces)

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