Comparisons of polybrominated diphenyl ethers levels in paired South Korean cord blood, maternal blood, and breast milk samples

Kim, Tae Hyung; Bang, Du Yeon; Lim, Hyun Jung; Won, A Jin; Ahn, Mee Young; Patra, Nabanita; Chung, Ki Kyung; Kwack, Seung Jun; Park, Kui Lea; Han, Soon Young; Choi, Wahn Soo; Han, Jung Yeol; Lee, Byung Mu; Oh, Jeong‐Eun; Yoon, Ju-Duk; Lee, Jaewon; Kim, Hyung Sik

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.11.074

Cited by 56 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The reason we observed unanimously lower BDE-153 levels among all major congeners in cord than maternal serum is not clear. Similar studies have found lower 4, 5, 32 or higher 2, 3, 38 BDE-153 levels in cord serum samples compared with maternal samples. Nevertheless, this is not unprecedented and might be related to chance findings rather than specific chemical transportation or excretion mechanisms.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…More research is warranted in humans to differentiate the source of exposure to OH-PBDEs. The study in Japan reported much lower 6-OH-BDE-47 levels (median 2.1 pg/g ww in maternal serum vs. 0.6 pg/g ww in cord serum) and total BDEs levels (median 3 ng/g lipid in maternal serum vs. 0.65 ng/g lipid in cord serum), 33 which is in accordance to the lower PBDEs in Asian countries compared with the U.S. 38, 39 The notion of higher maternal total BDE levels than cord serum levels in the Japanese study, however, is not supported by majority of paired mother-neonate studies. 2–5 …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

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Hydroxylated Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Paired Maternal and Cord Sera

Chen

Park

Linderholm

et al. 2013

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were widely used as flame retardants in the past three decades. These compounds are lipophilic and easily cross the placenta from pregnant woman to fetus. It is not clear whether hydroxylated PBDEs (OH-PBDEs), with greater hydrophilicity, have different concentrations in maternal and cord serum samples. We analyzed PBDEs (BDE-28, -47, -99, -100, -153, -154, -209) and OH-PBDEs (6-OH-BDE-47, 5-OH-BDE-47, 4′-OH-BDE-49, 5′-OH-BDE-99) in 20 pairs of maternal and cord serum samples collected in Cincinnati, OH in 2011. The geometric mean concentration of ΣOH-BDEs (the sum of four OH-PBDEs) was 49.76 pg/ml in cord sera, higher than 32.84 pg/ml in maternal sera. Similarly, cord serum total BDEs had a higher geometric mean than maternal serum (45.51 vs. 32.07 ng/g lipid). Equal or higher levels of total OH-BDEs and total BDEs in cord serum were observed in 85% and 80% of the mother-neonate pairs, respectively. The study suggests fetuses might receive higher OH-PBDE and PBDE exposure than their mothers.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Hydroxylated Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Paired Maternal and Cord Sera

Chen

Park

Linderholm

et al. 2013

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Although in the 2003 study, the concentrations of PBDE-47, 99 and 153 were much lower. A study by Kim et al (2012) observed somewhat lower concentrations of PBDE-47 and PBDE-153 in maternal milk compared to cord blood from the same women, along with similar results in both these matrices for PBDE-99. Table 3 shows the correlation between the presence of particular compounds with the studied matrices.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptsupporting

confidence: 76%

Relationship between paired cord blood and milk POPs levels as a tool for assessing perinatal exposure, a pilot study

Hernik

Struciński

Buckley

et al. 2016

Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal

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The long term health threats posed to humans exposed to pollutants acting as endocrine disruptors (EDs) is yet to be quantified. There is insufficient knowledge about the sources and magnitude of exposure to selected polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) during the most sensitive period of fetal development, suggesting the need for a study. Organochlorine pesticides, classified as being persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and potential EDs, were also included in this analysis. Xenobiotics were measured in paired fetal cord blood and maternal breast milk samples. There were no significant differences in the concentrations of PCB-101, PBDE-47 and PBDE-99 between maternal milk and cord blood

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“…The presence of PBDEs has been detected in various environmental compartments and biological samples (Kim et al, 2012;Zhang et al, 2012), even after their phase-out (Dodson et al, 2012), due to their persistent nature. PBDEs have been reportedly found in indoor dust, carpet, human serum, hair, and breast milk, even in younger children (Rose et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro immune toxicity of polybrominated diphenyl ethers on murine peritoneal macrophages: Apoptosis and immune cell dysfunction

Wan

Guo

et al. 2015

Chemosphere

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h i g h l i g h t sPBDEs induced macrophage apoptosis. ROS levels were increased and GSH was depleted in PBDE-exposed macrophages. NAC could only partially attenuate the cytotoxicity of PBDEs. Both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways were activated by PBDEs. Macrophage accessory cell function was inhibited by non-cytotoxic levels of PBDEs. a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c tPolybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are widely used as flame retardants and are often detected in the environment, wildlife, and humans, presenting potential threats to ecosystem and human health. PBDEs can cause neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and endocrine disruption. However, data on PBDE immunotoxicity are limited, and the toxicity mechanisms remain largely unknown. Both immune cell death and dysfunction can modulate the responses of the immune system. This study examined the toxic effects of 2,2 0 , 4,4 0 -tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) and decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) on the immune system by using peritoneal macrophages as the model. The macrophages were exposed to PBDEs, and cell death was determined through flow cytometry and immunochemical blot. The results showed that after 24 h of exposure, BDE-47 (>5 lM) and BDE-209 (>20 lM) induced cell apoptosis, increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and depleted glutathione. BDE-47 was more potent than BDE-209; the cytotoxic concentrations for BDE-47 and BDE-209 were determined to be 5 lM and 20 lM, respectively, during 24 h of exposure. However, pretreatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (ROS scavenger) partially reversed the cytotoxic effects. Further gene expression analyses on Caspase-3,-8,-9, TNFR1, and Bax revealed that both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways were activated. More importantly, non-cytotoxic concentrations BDE-47 (<2 lM) and BDE-209 (<10 lM) could impair macrophage accessory cell function in a concentration-dependent manner, but no effects were observed on phagocytic responses. These revealed effects of PBDEs on macrophages may shed light on the toxicity mechanisms of PBDEs and suggest the necessity of evaluating cellular functionality during the risk assessment of PBDE immunotoxicity.

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Comparisons of polybrominated diphenyl ethers levels in paired South Korean cord blood, maternal blood, and breast milk samples

Cited by 56 publications

References 38 publications

Hydroxylated Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Paired Maternal and Cord Sera

Hydroxylated Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Paired Maternal and Cord Sera

Relationship between paired cord blood and milk POPs levels as a tool for assessing perinatal exposure, a pilot study

In vitro immune toxicity of polybrominated diphenyl ethers on murine peritoneal macrophages: Apoptosis and immune cell dysfunction

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