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Water is a green reaction medium, while visible light represents a renewable, clean, and abundant energy source. The recent advances in visible-light-mediated organic transformations in water are summarized.

Cyano group is a valuable and readily available functional group for the preparation of various functional groups such as amines, carboxylic acids, and ketones. In recent decades, radical cascade reaction...

manner similar to T3. The combined in vitro, in vivo, and computational data strongly suggest that some PFCs disrupt the normal activity of TR pathways by directly binding to TR.

A metal‐free visible‐light‐induced cyclization procedure was developed for the rapid synthesis of perfluoroalkyl‐substituted benzimidazo[2,1‐a]isoquinolin‐6(5H)‐ones and perfluoroalkyl‐substituted indolo[2,1‐a]isoquinolin‐6(5H)‐ones under mild reaction conditions. In this procedure, the formation of electron‐donor‐acceptor (EDA) complex is critical for the visible‐light promoted process to avoid the utilization of external photocatalysts.magnified image

As an appealing biomimetic strategy for various medical applications, cell membrane coating lacks sensitive ondemand breaking capability. Herein, we incorporated thermosensitive lipid (TSL) membrane into red blood cell (RBC) and MCF-7 cancer cell (MC) hybrid membrane ([RBC-MC]M) vesicles. The [RBC-MC-TSL]M was coated onto doxorubicin (Dox)-loaded hollow gold nanoparticles to enhance chemo-/photothermal combined tumor therapy at a mild hyperthermia temperature (≤49 °C). Double-layer coating with TSL and [RBC-MC-TSL]M as the inner and outer layer, respectively, presented better antileakage and higher NIR-responsivity than single-layer coating. The Dox release ratio upon NIR laser irradiation (≤49 °C) was 74.6%, much higher than that (33.5%) without NIR laser. The nanodrug can be efficiently and specifically taken up by MCF-7 cells. In addition, the nanodrug exhibited excellent tumor-targeting property, with 4.08-and 1.12-times Dox accumulation in MCF-7 tumors compared to free Dox and [RBC-MC]M-coated counterpart, respectively. Most importantly, TSL incorporation significantly enhanced NIRresponsive antitumor efficiency, with tumor growth inhibition ratio increased from 35.1% to 48.6% after a single dose administration. Besides, the nanodrug exhibited very good biocompatibility. Camouflaging nanoparticles with the thermosensitive biomimetic hybrid membrane provides a painless and promisingly clinical-applicable approach for effective chemo-/photothermal combined mildhyperthermia tumor therapy.

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h i g h l i g h t sPBDEs induced macrophage apoptosis. ROS levels were increased and GSH was depleted in PBDE-exposed macrophages. NAC could only partially attenuate the cytotoxicity of PBDEs. Both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways were activated by PBDEs. Macrophage accessory cell function was inhibited by non-cytotoxic levels of PBDEs. a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c tPolybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are widely used as flame retardants and are often detected in the environment, wildlife, and humans, presenting potential threats to ecosystem and human health. PBDEs can cause neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and endocrine disruption. However, data on PBDE immunotoxicity are limited, and the toxicity mechanisms remain largely unknown. Both immune cell death and dysfunction can modulate the responses of the immune system. This study examined the toxic effects of 2,2 0 , 4,4 0 -tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) and decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) on the immune system by using peritoneal macrophages as the model. The macrophages were exposed to PBDEs, and cell death was determined through flow cytometry and immunochemical blot. The results showed that after 24 h of exposure, BDE-47 (>5 lM) and BDE-209 (>20 lM) induced cell apoptosis, increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and depleted glutathione. BDE-47 was more potent than BDE-209; the cytotoxic concentrations for BDE-47 and BDE-209 were determined to be 5 lM and 20 lM, respectively, during 24 h of exposure. However, pretreatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (ROS scavenger) partially reversed the cytotoxic effects. Further gene expression analyses on Caspase-3,-8,-9, TNFR1, and Bax revealed that both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways were activated. More importantly, non-cytotoxic concentrations BDE-47 (<2 lM) and BDE-209 (<10 lM) could impair macrophage accessory cell function in a concentration-dependent manner, but no effects were observed on phagocytic responses. These revealed effects of PBDEs on macrophages may shed light on the toxicity mechanisms of PBDEs and suggest the necessity of evaluating cellular functionality during the risk assessment of PBDE immunotoxicity.