Comparison of Two Acidic Leaching Processes for Selecting the Effective Recycle Process of Spent Lithium ion Battery

Sohn, Jeong-Soo; Shin, Shun Myung; Yang, Dong-Hyo; Kim, Soo‐Kyung; Lee, Churl-Kyoung

doi:10.1080/12269328.2006.10541246

Cited by 27 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The cathode usually contains an oxide of lithium along with another transition metal. Common cathode materials include lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO 2 ), ,,− lithium nickel cobalt oxide (LiNi x Co 1‑ x O 2 ), , lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (LiNi 0.33 Mn 0.33 Co 0.33 O 2 )(NMC), − and lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO 4 ). ,, To separate metals from the cathode, strong inorganic acids like sulfuric acid, , hydrochloric acid, and nitric acid , along with external reducing agents like H 2 O 2 are used, but they have adverse environmental impacts because of emission of harmful pollutants like SO x , Cl 2 , and NO x . Hence, replacing an inorganic acid with an organic acid minimizes this environmental impact, making the recycling process more sustainable.…”

Section: Application Of Oxalatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The addition of hydrogen peroxide was found to be insignificant in the presence of excess oxalic acid, which may be due to the oxalic acid being a better reducing agent than H 2 O 2 . The effects of other leaching parameters such as solid-to-liquid ratio, temperature, and reaction time have also been studied. , Most experiments have been run over a temperature range of 80–100 °C at atmospheric pressure. The optimum solid-to-liquid ratio for maximizing reaction rate depends on the acid concentration.…”

Section: Application Of Oxalatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Metal Recovery Using Oxalate Chemistry: A Technical Review

Verma

Kore

Corbin

et al. 2019

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

110

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Energy-efficient metal recovery and separation processes from a mixture of valuable metals are vital to the metallurgy and recycling industries. Oxalate has been identified as a sustainable reagent that can provide both the desired selectivity and efficient leaching capabilities for a variety of mixed metals under mild reaction conditions. The oxalate process has a great potential to replace many of the existing metal recovery processes that use inorganic acids such as sulfuric, hydrochloric, and nitric acids. In this Review, the use of oxalate chemistry in four major metal recovery applications is discussed, namely, spent lithium-ion batteries, spent catalysts, valuable ores, and contaminated and unwanted waste streams. Recycling of critical and precious metals from spent lithium-ion batteries and catalysts has significant economic opportunities. For efficient metals recovery, reaction conditions (e.g., temperature, pH, time, and concentration), metal−oxalate complex formation, oxidation and reduction, and metal precipitation must all be well-understood. This Review provides an overview from articles and patents for a variety of metal recovery processes along with insights into future process development.

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Section: Application Of Oxalatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Application Of Oxalatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal Recovery Using Oxalate Chemistry: A Technical Review

Verma

Kore

Corbin

et al. 2019

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

110

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…3 operations such as acid or alkaline leaching, chemical precipitation, separation and electrochemical recovery (Zhang et al, 2002;Shin et al, 2006;Sohn et al, 2004;Contestabile et al 2001). However, some operations have inherent problems such as slow kinetics, solid-liquid separation, high cost, and low purity (Swain et al, 2004).…”

Section: Accepted M Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The predicted waste generated from spent LIBs in Korea in 2006 was 300-500 tons (Sohn et al, 2006). LIBs consist of heavy metals, organic chemicals and plastics in the proportion of 5~20% cobalt, 5~10% nickel, 5~7% lithium, 15% organic chemicals, and 7% plastics, depending upon the manufacturing process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of cobalt sulfate from spent lithium ion batteries by reductive leaching and solvent extraction with Cyanex 272

et al. 2010

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Cobalt sulfate was recovered from crushed and screened prismatic type spent lithium ion batteries (LIBs) containing 5~20 % Co, 5~7 % Li, 5~10 % Ni, 15% organic chemicals, and 7% plastics together with Cu, Al, Fe, and Mn. Cobalt was reductively leached from the -16 mesh fraction in 1 h by stirring with 2 M H 2 SO 4 and 6 vol% H 2 O 2 , at 60 o C and 300 rpm using a solid/liquid ratio of 100 g/L togive a cobalt concentration of 28 g/L, corresponding to a leaching efficiency of >99 %. Metal ion impurities such as copper, iron, and aluminium were precipitated as hydroxides from solution by adjusting pH to 6.5. Cobalt was then selectively extracted from the purified aqueous phase by

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“…Apart from the references cited above, other research groups worked on various optimization of the sulfuric acid process by changing process parameters such as adding sonication to the leaching step [132,133], or replacing the reducing agent [134][135][136]. Other publications are summarized in Table S1 in Supplementary Information [137][138][139][140][141][142][143][144].…”

Section: Sulfate Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress and Status of Hydrometallurgical and Direct Recycling of Li-Ion Batteries and Beyond

et al. 2020

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An exponential market growth of Li-ion batteries (LIBs) has been observed in the past 20 years; approximately 670,000 tons of LIBs have been sold in 2017 alone. This trend will continue owing to the growing interest of consumers for electric vehicles, recent engagement of car manufacturers to produce them, recent developments in energy storage facilities, and commitment of governments for the electrification of transportation. Although some limited recycling processes were developed earlier after the commercialization of LIBs, these are inadequate in the context of sustainable development. Therefore, significant efforts have been made to replace the commonly employed pyrometallurgical recycling method with a less detrimental approach, such as hydrometallurgical, in particular sulfate-based leaching, or direct recycling. Sulfate-based leaching is the only large-scale hydrometallurgical method currently used for recycling LIBs and serves as baseline for several pilot or demonstration projects currently under development. Conversely, most project and processes focus only on the recovery of Ni, Co, Mn, and less Li, and are wasting the iron phosphate originating from lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries. Although this battery type does not dominate the LIB market, its presence in the waste stream of LIBs causes some technical concerns that affect the profitability of current recycling processes. This review explores the current processes and alternative solutions to pyrometallurgy, including novel selective leaching processes or direct recycling approaches.

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Comparison of Two Acidic Leaching Processes for Selecting the Effective Recycle Process of Spent Lithium ion Battery

Cited by 27 publications

References 3 publications

Metal Recovery Using Oxalate Chemistry: A Technical Review

Metal Recovery Using Oxalate Chemistry: A Technical Review

Recovery of cobalt sulfate from spent lithium ion batteries by reductive leaching and solvent extraction with Cyanex 272

Progress and Status of Hydrometallurgical and Direct Recycling of Li-Ion Batteries and Beyond

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