Comparison of TOBEC-derived total body fat with fat pad weights

Stenger, Janet; Bielajew, Catherine

doi:10.1016/0031-9384(94)00216-r

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…A rough agreement in trends can be seen from the plot shapes. All in all, the findings for the relatively poor prediction of CFM agree with those described in the literature (Morbach and Brans, 1992;Stenger and Bielajew, 1995;Trocki et al (1995). Trocki et al (1995) suggested that the TOBEC method should be limited to prediction of CFM only and not for estimation of CFM.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…However, the high correlation found between FFM and device response gave only incomplete information about the chemical composition of the birds because the difference between body weight (BW) and FFM, namely the CFM, was excluded from predictions. Studies on laboratory rats yielded only a weak correlation between actual BW and TOBEC-predicted FFM (Morbach and Brans, 1992;Stenger and Bielajew, 1995;Trocki et al, 1995). In addition, Bell et al (1994) found BW to be higher correlated to TOBEC than FFM and questioned the method in general.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

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Evaluation of the non invasive tobec (total body electrical conductivity) procedure for prediction of chemical components of male broilers with special consideration of dietary protein level

Dänicke

Halle²,

Jeroch³

1997

Archiv für Tierernaehrung

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TOBEC (total body electrical conductivity) measurement as a non invasive procedure for the estimation of body chemical composition was used to calculate calibration curves for the prediction of crude protein mass (CPM), crude water mass (CWM), crude ash mass (CAM) and fat-free mass (FFM) of male broiler chickens. A growth experiment with 3 protein levels (130, 230 and 330 g CP/kg diet, isoenergetic with 13.3 MJ AMEN/kg) was combined with TOBEC measurements and body chemical analysis in order to obtain the values necessary for calibration. A total of 196 TOBEC measurements and body chemical analysis were undertaken in time intervals of two days beginning with batch until day 17 of age. Different dietary protein levels resulted in marked differences in body weights and body chemical compositions but in similar TOBEC-responses for a given mass of FFM, CPM, CAM or CWM. Values for birds fed a diet with 130 g CP/kg diet tended to be more variable. Linear broken relationships were found between FFM, CPM, CAM and CWM, respectively and TOBEC values (E#). A set of different regression equations is given and yielded high proportions of variance accounted for the piece wise regression model (R2 ranged from 0.83 to 0.99). In spite of these high determinations the prediction of crude fat mass (CFM) by subtracting the FFM from the body weight resulted in most cases in weak determinations between observed and predicted CFM (R2 ranged from 0.38 to 0.86). The highest R2 was observed when the E# was expressed per unit metabolic body weight to the power of 0.67 and regressed on FFM expressed to the same power. In conclusion, FFM, CPM and CWM may be predicted reasonably well by TOBEC. However, these high determinations are not high enough to predict CFM accurately. In addition, the application of such regressions to an individual bird seems to be impossible. Assessment for groups of animals should be possible if errors of estimation, standard deviations and differences to be detected are taken into account in the calculation of the number of birds necessary for the TOBEC measurements.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Evaluation of the non invasive tobec (total body electrical conductivity) procedure for prediction of chemical components of male broilers with special consideration of dietary protein level

Dänicke

Halle²,

Jeroch³

1997

Archiv für Tierernaehrung

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“…Increased subcutaneous fat mass had also been observed for obese Lcn2-KO mice compared with wild-type littermates (data not shown). Body composition analysis using TOBEC, which reflects total body fat mass (35), revealed that 15 weeks of high-fat diet induced an increase of 40 and 24% fat mass in Lcn2-KO mice and wild-type mice, respectively, whereas the values were not significantly different from those fed with normal chow (wild-type mice: 12.32 ± 2.921; Lcn2-KO mice: 13.42 ± 1.8309).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipocalin-2 Deficiency Attenuates Insulin Resistance Associated With Aging and Obesity

et al. 2010

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OBJECTIVEThe proinflammatory cytokines/adipokines produced from adipose tissue act in an autocrine and/or endocrine manner to perpetuate local inflammation and to induce peripheral insulin resistance. The present study investigates whether lipocalin-2 deficiency or replenishment with this adipokine has any impact on systemic insulin sensitivity and the underlying mechanisms.METHODS AND RESULTSUnder conditions of aging or dietary-/genetic-induced obesity, lipocalin-2 knockout (Lcn2-KO) mice show significantly decreased fasting glucose and insulin levels and improved insulin sensitivity compared with their wild-type littermates. Despite enlarged fat mass, inflammation and the accumulation of lipid peroxidation products are significantly attenuated in the adipose tissues of Lcn2-KO mice. Adipose fatty acid composition of these mice varies significantly from that in wild-type animals. The amounts of arachidonic acid (C20:4 n6) are elevated by aging and obesity and are paradoxically further increased in adipose tissue, but not skeletal muscle and liver of Lcn2-KO mice. On the other hand, the expression and activity of 12-lipoxygenase, an enzyme responsible for metabolizing arachidonic acid, and the production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), a critical insulin resistance–inducing factor, are largely inhibited by lipocalin-2 deficiency. Lipocalin-2 stimulates the expression and activity of 12-lipoxygenase and TNF-α production in fat tissues. Cinnamyl-3,4-dihydroxy-α-cyanocinnamate (CDC), an arachidonate lipoxygenase inhibitor, prevents TNF-α expression induced by lipocalin-2. Moreover, treatment with TNF-α neutralization antibody or CDC significantly attenuated the differences of insulin sensitivity between wild-type and Lcn2-KO mice.CONCLUSIONSLipocalin-2 deficiency protects mice from developing aging- and obesity-induced insulin resistance largely by modulating 12-lipoxygenase and TNF-α levels in adipose tissue.

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“…The epididymal fat pad (EFP) was removed and weighed. Epididymal fat pad weights are highly correlated with overall body fat (r = 0.95) as determined by carcass analysis (19). Therefore, EFP is as a marker to stand for adipose content of whole body.…”

Section: Epididymal Fat Pad Weightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Swim Training Reduces Metformin Levels in Fructose-Induced Insulin Resistant Rats

et al. 2011

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Purpose: Regular exercise training and metformin medication are widely considered to increase insulin sensitivity and protect against type 2 diabetes, however, evaluating the effect of exercise training on the disposition and pharmacokinetics of metformin is unclear. Methods: We investigated the effect of a 4-wk swim training program (45 min/day, 5 days/wk) on the pharmacokinetics for the use of metformin in fructose-induced insulin resistant rats. Fructose-induced insulin resistant rats were assigned into two groups (n=6/group): swim training with metformin (SM), and non-swim training with metformin (CM). Blood samples were collected from 12 h-fasted rats at baseline and at 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 h after an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with administration of a single dose of metformin (450 mg/kg). Results: Our study revealed that both glucose and insulin levels in the SM group were significantly lower than those in the CM group at 15 min following OGTT. The maximum concentration (Cmax) and area under the serum concentration-time curve (AUC) for the SM group were significantly lower than CM group. The apparent distribution volume (Vd) and the time-averaged total body clearance (CL) for the SM group were significantly higher than those for the CM group. There were no significant differences in the time to maximum concentration (Tmax) or the time to half-life concentration (t1/2) between the two groups. Conclusions: Our data demonstrate that swim training reduces metformin serum levels. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.

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Comparison of TOBEC-derived total body fat with fat pad weights

Cited by 14 publications

References 15 publications

Evaluation of the non invasive tobec (total body electrical conductivity) procedure for prediction of chemical components of male broilers with special consideration of dietary protein level

Evaluation of the non invasive tobec (total body electrical conductivity) procedure for prediction of chemical components of male broilers with special consideration of dietary protein level

Lipocalin-2 Deficiency Attenuates Insulin Resistance Associated With Aging and Obesity

Swim Training Reduces Metformin Levels in Fructose-Induced Insulin Resistant Rats

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