Comparison of three different assays for the assessment of ciguatoxin in fish tissues: Radioimmunoassay, mouse bioassay and In vitro guinea pig atrium assay

Clinical Laboratory Analysis

Asahina

Hong

et al. 1990

Self Cite

Following the death of two Atlantic dolphins in a lagoon in March of 1989, the Hawaiian fishes in the lagoon were examined as a potential source of toxin(s). This study reports the findings of the causitive toxin(s) involved, utilizing the stick enzyme immunoassay (S-EIA) and the mouse and guinea pig atrium assays. The S-EIA proved effective in screening the toxic fishes (mullet, wrasse, manini, and aholehole). Following extraction, the major toxin was found in the viscera of these fishes, as confirmed in the mouse assay. The most toxic level was shown in the viscera of the mullet (13.2 mouse units/mg of extract). The viscera of the wrasse, aholehole, and manini also showed high levels of the toxic substance. The guinea pig atrium assay showed the presence of a potent Na+ channel inhibitor, characteristic of tetrodotoxin and saxitoxin. The toxin was also demonstrated in low levels in the dolphin liver and gut content and in the sand and algae extracts from the lagoon. This is the first report of this type of toxin in Hawaii.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Causitive toxin(s) in the death of two atlantic dolphins

Clinical Laboratory Analysis

Asahina

Hong

et al. 1990

Self Cite

“…The procedure and criteria for toxicity used was that described by Kimura et al (8). One hundred milligrams of the oily crude fish extract suspended in 1 ml of 1% Tween 60-saline was given intraperitoneally into each mouse (Swiss Webster) weighing 20-25 g. The mouse was observed for up to 48 h and the results were scored as follows: These symptoms were characteristic of crude lipid extracts from toxic fish caught in the Pacific region.…”

Section: Mouse Toxicity Bioassaymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The viscera for each species, including liver, gastrointestinal tract, roe, and all tissues in the cavity, were pooled and extracted separately from the flesh. The method of extraction used was that described in a previous report by Kimura et al (8). The extracts were used both for the mouse and for the guinea pig assays.…”

Section: Extraction Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of bioassay for toxicity of ciguateric fish and associated toxins

Clinical Laboratory Analysis

Shirai

Islam

1994

Self Cite

Evaluation of the mouse toxicity assay symptom of hind leg paralysis (HLP) with mouse death by statistical analysis is presented in this study. The fishes assessed were herbivores including Ctenochaetus strigosus (kole), Ctenochaetus hawaiiensis, Acanthurus sandvicensis (manini), and Mugil cephalus (mullet); and the carnivores, Cephalopholis argus (roi) and Cheilinus rhodochrous (po'ou). The latter can also be considered an omnivore. The extracts of both herbivore and carnivore species appeared to be most toxic when HLP occurred in the mice. Ninety-three percent of the mice with HLP died, whereas when no HLP (NHLP) occurred, only 51% of the mice died. Carnivore flesh extracts (po'ou and roi) were least toxic with one death out of a total 22 mice. The unidentified toxin associated with HLP appears to differ in biological properties from that of ciguatoxin(s) in that it was not found in the flesh tissues of carnivores. Further chemical studies of this toxin(s) is being addressed presently.

“…The organic solvent extraction and partial purification of CTX from fish flesh and viscera were performed as previously reported (4). The partial purification steps include separation in silica gel chromatography and further partitioning into four major fractions.…”

Section: Ciguatoxin Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological activity of the functional epitope of ciguatoxin fragment AB on the neuroblastoma sodium channel in tissue culture

Chun

Campora

et al. 2006

J. Clin. Lab. Anal.

Self Cite

It is well established that the targeted receptor for ciguatoxin (CTX) in mammalian tissues is the sodium channel, affecting the influx of sodium into cells and altering the action potential and function of the cell. Since the syntheses of fragments of CTX has become available, our focus has been on the receptor functions of the west sphere AB and east sphere JKLM fragments using the neuroblastoma cell assay, guinea pig atrium assay, and the membrane immunobead assay (MIA). The data presented here suggest that the west sphere AB of the ciguatoxin molecule is the active portion and is responsible for the activation of the sodium channels.