The stick enzyme immunoassay (S-EIA) using monoclonal antibody to ciguatoxin (MAb-CTX) was used to examine clinically implicated fish and to pre-screen two species of fish, Caranx sp. (ulua or jack) and Seriola dumerili (kahala or amberjack), supplied by sports fishermen. All of the clinically implicated fish from the Department of Health gave S-EIA values greater than or equal to 1.3. The Caranx sp. and Seriola dumerili considered safe (less than or equal to 1.2 value) and consumed after testing gave no false-negative results. The S-EIA procedure using MAb-CTX proved to be specific, sensitive, and simple to use in the laboratory. It also proved to be useful in screening two large carnivorous fish for ciguatoxin and related polyethers prior to consumption.
A survey for the assessment of the ciguatera problem has been determined in Puako, South Kohala, on the Island of Hawaii. This is in the area of persistent ciguateric outbreaks during the months of January through March, caused by a specific species of fish (Cheilinus rhodochrous, red rose wrasse, or po'ou). Analyses of algae, Gambierdiscus toxicus, and various species of fish, including herbivores and carnivores, gave positive indications of Puako as a potential ciguateric area. Algae associated with Gambierdiscus toxicus blooms and the dinoflagellate itself were found in transects A and D. Transects A and D showed 291 G. toxicus per gram of Tolycarpidia glomurata and 9 G. toxicus per gram of Turbinaria sp. with epiphytic Jania sp., respectively. No G. toxicus was found in transects B and C. This may be attributed to the low salinity from intrusion of freshwater in this vicinity. Examinations of the fish, kole, manini, Hawaiian kole, roi, and po'ou by the solid-phase immunoassay showed 89% of fish in the borderline and positive categories from all transects. Extracts of viscera and flesh showed high levels of toxicity in mouse (13 of 23 deaths), particularly in the viscera (gut) of both herbivores and carnivores. The guinea pig atrial analysis generally showed a few ciguatoxin-like, but most were nonciguateric type responses. The data presented in this Puako survey showed evidence of toxic fish associated with ciguatoxin-like and most probably other toxins, either polyethers or non-polyethers as yet unidentified.
We report here the 6.0-Mb draft genome assembly of Pseudoalteromonas luteoviolacea strain HI1 using Roche 454 and PacBio single-molecule real-time hybrid-sequencing analysis. This strain is of biological importance since it has the capacity to induce the settlement and metamorphosis of the serpulid polychaete Hydroides elegans and the coral Pocillopora damicornis.
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