Comparison of the Teratogenicity in Rats of Certain Potato-Type Alkaloids and the Veratrum Teratogen Cyclopamine

Keeler, R. F.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(73)91191-4

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The deformities were cranial bleb, exencephaly, and spina bifida (Keeler et al, 1976a,b). Solasodine was not teratogenic in rats (Keeler, 1973). However, Russian workers found solasodine to be embryotoxic and teratogenic in rats at 5 to 10 mgjanimaljday and also that solanine (Fig.…”

Section: Eggplantmentioning

confidence: 89%

Natural Toxicants in Foods

Beier

Nigg

1992

Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture

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Section: Eggplantmentioning

confidence: 89%

Natural Toxicants in Foods

Beier

Nigg

1992

Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture

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“…Potatoes and individual alkaloids have been shown to be teratogenic, embryotoxic, and toxic to the mother, and to cause excess resorption in rats, mice, and hamsters (Baker et ai, 1987;Chaube and Swinyard, 1976;Keeler, 1973;Keeler et ai, 1978Keeler et ai, , 1990Pierre et ai, 1977;Poswillo et ai, 1972Poswillo et ai, , 1973Renwick et ai, 1984;Swinyard and Chaube, 1973). Solanine or mixed alkaloids were teratogenic to the chicken embryo (Mun et ai, 1975).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of Human Plasma and Serum Butyrylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8) by α-Chaconine and α-Solanine

et al. 1996

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The purpose of these experiments was to determine the reversibility of a-chaconine and a-solanine inhibition of human plasma butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE). For the substrate a-naphthylacetate, optimal assay conditions were 0.50 M sodium phosphate buffer and a substrate concentration of 3-5 X 10~4 M. Dibucaine (1 X 10~5 M) indicated the usual phenotype for all subjects; achaconine and a-solanine at 2.88 X 10~6 M inhibited BuChE about 70 and 50%, respectively. One-and 24-hr incubations at 1 X 10~! M with a-chaconine, a-solanine, paraoxon, eserine, and ethanol yielded reversible inhibition with dilution except for paraoxon. Twenty-four-hour dialyses of incubations showed no inhibition except for paraoxon. PAGE enzyme activity gels of 1-and 24-hr incubations also showed no inhibition except for paraoxon. aChaconine and a-solanine are reversible inhibitors of human butyrylcholinesterase. At estimated tissue levels, a-chaconine, a-solanine, and solanidine inhibited BuChE 10-86%. In assays which combined a-chaconine, a-solanine, and solanidine, inhibition of BuChE was less than additive. No inhibition of albumin a-naphthylacetate esterase (an arylesterase) was noted with any inhibitor. The importance of these data to adverse toxicological effects of potato alkaloids is diSCUSSed. C 1996 SodMy of Toxicology.Potatoes, consumed by humans for at least 2000 years (Spoerke, 1994;Ugent, 1970), contain the steroidal alkaloids, a-chaconine, a-solanine, and solanidine. The toxicology of these known butyryl-and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (Harris and Whittaker, 1962;Orgell, 1963) has been reviewed

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“…to cause excess resorption in rats, mice, and hamsters (Baker That is, 50 mg/70 kg Å 0.714 mg/kg. The 200 mg/kg total et Chaube and Swinyard, 1976;Keeler, 1973; alkaloid taste ''standard'' for potato consequently has a zero Keeler et al, 1978Keeler et al, , 1990Pierro et al, 1977; safety tolerance. Most potato varieties contain 100 mg /kg or al., 1972Renwick et al, 1984;Swinyard and Chaube, less in the peel and less in the flesh (Jadhav and Salunkhe, 1973).…”

Section: Measured Serum A-solanine In Hu-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of Human Plasma and Serum Butyrylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8) by α-Chaconine and α-Solanine

Nigg

1996

Fundamental and Applied Toxicology

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The purpose of these experiments was to determine the reversibility of alpha-chaconine and alpha-solanine inhibition of human plasma butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE). For the substrate alpha-naphthylacetate, optimal assay conditions were 0.50 M sodium phosphate buffer and a substrate concentration of 3-5 x 10(-4) M. Dibucaine (1 x 10(-5) M) indicated the usual phenotype for all subjects; alpha-chaconine and alpha-solanine at 2.88 x 10(-6) M inhibited BuChE about 70 and 50%, respectively. One- and 24-hr incubations at 1 x 10(-5) M with alpha-chaconine, alpha-solanine, paraoxon, eserine, and ethanol yielded reversible inhibition with dilution except for paraoxon. Twenty-four-hour dialyses of incubations showed no inhibition except for paraoxon. PAGE enzyme activity gels of 1- and 24-hr incubations also showed no inhibition except for paraoxon. alpha-Chaconine and alpha-solanine are reversible inhibitors of human butyrylcholinesterase. At estimated tissue levels, alpha-chaconine, alpha-solanine, and solanidine inhibited BuChE 10-86%. In assays which combined alpha-chaconine, alpha-solanine, and solanidine, inhibition of BuChE was less than additive. No inhibition of albumin alpha-naphthylacetate esterase (an arylesterase) was noted with any inhibitor. The importance of these data to adverse toxicological effects of potato alkaloids is discussed.

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Comparison of the Teratogenicity in Rats of Certain Potato-Type Alkaloids and the Veratrum Teratogen Cyclopamine

Cited by 15 publications

References 10 publications

Natural Toxicants in Foods

Natural Toxicants in Foods

Inhibition of Human Plasma and Serum Butyrylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8) by α-Chaconine and α-Solanine

Inhibition of Human Plasma and Serum Butyrylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8) by α-Chaconine and α-Solanine

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