Inhibition of Human Plasma and Serum Butyrylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8) by α-Chaconine and α-Solanine

Abstract

The purpose of these experiments was to determine the reversibility of alpha-chaconine and alpha-solanine inhibition of human plasma butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE). For the substrate alpha-naphthylacetate, optimal assay conditions were 0.50 M sodium phosphate buffer and a substrate concentration of 3-5 x 10(-4) M. Dibucaine (1 x 10(-5) M) indicated the usual phenotype for all subjects; alpha-chaconine and alpha-solanine at 2.88 x 10(-6) M inhibited BuChE about 70 and 50%, respectively. One- and 24-hr incubations at 1 x 10(-5) M with alpha-chaconine, alpha-solanine, paraoxon, eserine, and ethanol yielded reversible inhibition with dilution except for paraoxon. Twenty-four-hour dialyses of incubations showed no inhibition except for paraoxon. PAGE enzyme activity gels of 1- and 24-hr incubations also showed no inhibition except for paraoxon. alpha-Chaconine and alpha-solanine are reversible inhibitors of human butyrylcholinesterase. At estimated tissue levels, alpha-chaconine, alpha-solanine, and solanidine inhibited BuChE 10-86%. In assays which combined alpha-chaconine, alpha-solanine, and solanidine, inhibition of BuChE was less than additive. No inhibition of albumin alpha-naphthylacetate esterase (an arylesterase) was noted with any inhibitor. The importance of these data to adverse toxicological effects of potato alkaloids is discussed.

TOCOSH FLOUR (Solanum tuberosum L.): A Toxicological Assessment of Traditional Peruvian Fermented Potatoes

“…The toxic dose in the population corresponds to levels higher than 100 mg of total glycoalkaloids/kg of potato but this value could be influenced by environmental and storage conditions [17,30,31]. On the other hand, in the administration of 1.25 mg total glycoalkaloids/kg BW considered the highest dose in humans, gastrointestinal signs as vomiting appeared within 4 h [32,33]. Potato alkaloids at a dose of 75 mg/Kg of α-chaconin and α-solanin were lethally fatal within 4 to 5 days in Syrian golden hamster [34].…”

Potatoes, Tomatoes, and Solanine Toxicity ( Solanum tuberosum L., Solanum lycopersicum L.)

“…19 In a study of rabbits, intraperitoneal doses of solanine caused mild to moderate inhibition of both specifi c and nonspecifi c cholinesterases. 19 In a study of rabbits, intraperitoneal doses of solanine caused mild to moderate inhibition of both specifi c and nonspecifi c cholinesterases.…”

High-performance liquid chromatography LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometry method for tomatidine and non-target metabolites quantification in organic and normal tomatoes

“…In the last year, several studies showed the occurrence of also minor glycoalkaloids in tomato, such as esculoside A and B or lycoperoside (Dall'Asta et al, 2009). The toxicity of glycoalkaloids and aglycons is highly reported (Blankemeyer et al, 1992(Blankemeyer et al, , 1997(Blankemeyer et al, , 1998Duan, 1994;Nigg et al, 1996). Symptoms of glycoalkaloids toxicity include colic pain in the abdomen and stomach, gastroenteritis, diarrhea, vomiting, burning sensation about the lips and the mouth, hot skin, fever, rapid pulse, and headache (Cahill et al, 2010;Gaffield & Keeler, 1993.…”