Comparison of the prevalence and changing resistance to nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin of Shigella between Europe–America and Asia–Africa from 1998 to 2009

Gu, Bing; Cao, Yan; Pan, Shiyang; Zhuang, Ling; Yu, Rongbin; Peng, Zhihang; Qian, Huimin; Wei, Yongyue; Zhao, Liandong; Liu, Genyan; Ming-qing, Tong

doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2012.02.005

Cited by 140 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…However, the acquisition of these ESBL-encoding plasmids inducing resistance to thirdgeneration cephalosporins, within a highly quinolone-resistant, MDR population, is concerning and demonstrates the speed with which extensive drug resistance can accumulate within populations of enteric bacteria after escalating antimicrobial use, even if they are not first-line agents for that bacterium. Quinolone resistance has been increasing among Shigella populations globally, with the sharpest upsurges reported in Asia and Africa (27). All classes of antimicrobials are widely available without prescription in Vietnam, and we have shown previously that resistance to, and coselection against, third-generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones is exceptionally common in Gram-negative members of the commensal gut microbiota in healthy children and adults resident in HCMC (28).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracking the establishment of local endemic populations of an emergent enteric pathogen

Holt

Nga

Thanh

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

127

154

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Shigella sonnei is a human-adapted pathogen that is emerging globally as the dominant agent of bacterial dysentery. To investigate local establishment, we sequenced the genomes of 263 Vietnamese S. sonnei isolated over 15 y. Our data show that S. sonnei was introduced into Vietnam in the 1980s and has undergone localized clonal expansion, punctuated by genomic fixation events through periodic selective sweeps. We uncover geographical spread, spatially restricted frontier populations, and convergent evolution through local gene pool sampling. This work provides a unique, high-resolution insight into the microevolution of a pioneering human pathogen during its establishment in a new host population.enteric disease | drug resistance | phylogeography | genomics

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracking the establishment of local endemic populations of an emergent enteric pathogen

Holt

Nga

Thanh

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

127

154

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“…Globally there is increasing resistance to quinolones in Shigella spp. [30], thus ongoing surveillance in PNG is required.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic resistant Shigella is a major cause of diarrhoea in the Highlands of Papua New Guinea

Greenhill

Guwada

Siba

et al. 2014

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: Diarrhoea remains a major cause of illness in Papua New Guinea (PNG); however, little is known about its aetiology. As a result of the cholera outbreak that spread throughout PNG in 2009-2011, we conducted diarrhoeal surveillance in Eastern Highlands Province. Methodology: Following informed consent and a brief questionnaire, participants provided a stool sample or duplicate rectal swabs. Samples were tested for common bacterial pathogens Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Vibrio spp., Campylobacter spp. and Yersinia enterocolitica using established culture methods. Enteric parasites were detected using microscopy. Results: A total of 216 participants were enrolled; where age was recorded, 42% were under 5 years of age, 6.7% were 5 to 17 years of age and 51.3% ≥18 years of age. One or more pathogens were detected in 68 (31.5%) participants, with Shigella (primarily S. flexneri) being the most commonly isolated (47 of 216 participants). Enteric parasites were detected in 23 of the 216 participants, occurring as a co-infection with another pathogen in 12 of 23 cases. No Vibrio cholerae was detected. Shigella isolates were commonly resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline, co-trimoxazole and chloramphenicol. Conclusions: Shigellae, specifically S. flexneri, are important pathogens in the highlands of PNG. While most studies in low-income settings focus on childhood aetiology, we have demonstrated the importance of Shigella in both children and adults. Enteric parasites remain present and presumably contribute to the burden of gastrointestinal illness. While improvements in sanitation and hygiene would help lower the burden of all aetiologies of infectious diarrhoea, additional control strategies targeting Shigella may also be warranted.

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“…La resistencia a antibióticos en las especies del patotipo Shigellae ha ido aumentando lo que ha limitado el tratamiento y el uso de antimicrobianos como ampicilina y trimetoprim/sulfametoxazol [6,7]. Esta resistencia ha sido adquirida debido al indiscriminado uso de antibió-ticos y la trasferencia horizontal de genes [7].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Esta resistencia ha sido adquirida debido al indiscriminado uso de antibió-ticos y la trasferencia horizontal de genes [7]. Actualmente se recomienda ciprofloxacina como primera línea de tratamiento para pacientes con diarrea con sangre, indiferentemente de su edad, debido a que este antibiótico es eficiente, seguro y de bajo costo [8].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Sensibilidad antimicrobiana entre los serogrupos de <em>Shigellae</em> aislados en la ciudad de Quito-Ecuador

Granda

Alcocer

2015

Av. Cienc. Ing. (Quito)

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The pathotype Shigellae includes bacillus from the species S. flexneri, S. sonnei, S. boydii and S. dysenteriae which are causatives of the disease known as bacillary dysentery or shigellosis. The pathogenicity of the genus is characterized by the presence of high antibiotic resistance. The aim of this study was to identify the species and antimicrobial susceptibility in clinical isolates of Shigellae. We analyzed 79 isolates obtained from Zurita & Zurita Laboratorios and Vozandes Hospital in the city of Quito. Three species were obtained by serotyping, using polyclonal antisera: S. flexneri (n=50; 63,29 %), S. sonnei (n=23; 29,11 %), and S. boydii (n=6; 7,59 %). The antimicrobial susceptibility was analyzed using the Kirby Bauer method and recommendations from the "Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute" (CLSI). Most of the isolates showed resistance to tetracycline (n=76; 96,20 %), ampicillin (n=75; 94,94 %), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (n= 68; 86,08 %) and chloramphenicol (n=67; 84,81 %). The results showed the incidence of multidrug resistance to antibiotics commonly used for treating shigellosis, and the presence of three species of Shigellae.Keywords. Antibiotics, bacillary dysentery, Shigellae. ResumenEl patotipo Shigellae comprende bacilos de las especies S. flexneri, S. sonnei, S. boydii y S. dysenteriae, causantes de la enfermedad conocida como disentería bacilar o shigelosis. La patogenicidad del género se caracteriza por la presencia de una alta multirresistencia a antibióticos. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar las especies y la sensibilidad a antimicrobianos en aislados clínicos de Shigellae. Se analizaron 79 aislados obtenidos de Zurita & Zurita Laboratorios y del Hospital Vozandes en la ciudad de Quito. Mediante serotipaje, con el uso de antisueros policlonales, se obtuvieron 3 especies: S. flexneri (n=50; 63,29 %), S. sonnei (n= 23; 29,11 %), y S. boydii (n= 6; 7,59 %). La sensibilidad antimicrobiana se analizó siguiendo el método de Kirby-Bauer y las recomendaciones del "Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute" (CLSI). La mayoría de las cepas mostraron resistencia a tetraciclina (n=76; 96,20 %), ampicilina (n=75; 94,94 %), trimetoprim/sulfametoxazol (n=68; 86,08 %) y cloranfenicol (n=67; 84,81 %). Los resultados obtenidos demostraron la incidencia de multirresistencia a antibióticos comúnmente utilizados para el tratamiento de shigelosis, y la presencia de 3 especies de Shigellae.Palabras Clave. Antibióticos, disentería bacilar, Shigellae. IntroducciónEl patotipo Shigellae comprende bacilos Gram negativos de 0,3 a 1 µm diámetro y de 1 a 6 µm de longitud, no móviles, no formadores de esporas, anaerobios facultativos, pertenecientes a la familia Enterobacteriaceae y causantes de la enfermedad conocida como shigelosis o disentería bacilar [1]. Su identificación se fundamenta en características bioquímicas y antigénicas, en base a ellas se describen cuatro especies: Shigella dysenteriae, serogrupo A; Shigella flexneri, serogrupo B; Shigella boydii, serogrupo C; y, Shige...

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Comparison of the prevalence and changing resistance to nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin of Shigella between Europe–America and Asia–Africa from 1998 to 2009

Cited by 140 publications

References 83 publications

Tracking the establishment of local endemic populations of an emergent enteric pathogen

Tracking the establishment of local endemic populations of an emergent enteric pathogen

Antibiotic resistant Shigella is a major cause of diarrhoea in the Highlands of Papua New Guinea

Sensibilidad antimicrobiana entre los serogrupos de <em>Shigellae</em> aislados en la ciudad de Quito-Ecuador

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