Comparison of Serum Magnesium Levels in Overweight and Obese Children and Normal Weight Children

Hassan, Syed Awais Ul; Ahmed, Iftikhar; Nasrullah, Adeel; Haq, Shujaul; Ghazanfar, Haider; Sheikh, Abu Baker; Zafar, Rizwan; Askar, Ghazan; Hamid, Zamara; Khushdil, Arshad; Khan, Amna

doi:10.7759/cureus.1607

Cited by 35 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Notably, we found that Lactobacillus, Turicibacter and SMB53 were overrepresented in the L-Mg group. Several studies have reported that lower magnesium consumption is correlated with an increased risk of insulin resistance [26][27][28]. It is possible that, in the long term, the taxa found in the L-Mg group will favor the development of obesity and insulin resistance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Dietary Magnesium Content on Intestinal Microbiota of Rats

et al. 2020

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Background: Magnesium is a mineral that modulates several physiological processes. However, its relationship with intestinal microbiota has been scarcely studied. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the role of dietary magnesium content to modulate the intestinal microbiota of Wistar male rats. Methods: Rats were randomly assigned one of three diets: a control diet (C-Mg; 1000 mg/kg), a low magnesium content diet (L-Mg; 60 mg/kg), and a high magnesium content diet (H-Mg; 6000 mg/kg), for two weeks. After treatment, fecal samples were collected. Microbiota composition was assessed by sequencing the V3–V4 hypervariable region. Results: The C-Mg and L-Mg groups had more diversity than H-Mg group. CF231, SMB53, Dorea, Lactobacillus and Turibacter were enriched in the L-Mg group. In contrast, the phyla Proteobacteria, Parabacteroides, Butyricimonas, and Victivallis were overrepresented in the H-Mg group. PICRUSt analysis indicated that fecal microbiota of the L-Mg group were encoded with an increased abundance of metabolic pathways involving carbohydrate metabolism and butanoate metabolism. Conclusion: Dietary magnesium supplementation can result in intestinal dysbiosis development in a situation where there is no magnesium deficiency. Conversely, low dietary magnesium consumption is associated with microbiota with a higher capacity to harvest energy from the diet.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Dietary Magnesium Content on Intestinal Microbiota of Rats

et al. 2020

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“…Body mass index (BMI) also may affect magnesium status, particularly in women and children. Patients considered obese (BMI ≥ 30) have been shown to have lower magnesium consumption and reduced magnesium status compared to non-obese age matched controls [ 116 , 117 , 118 , 119 ].…”

Section: Magnesium Absorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges in the Diagnosis of Magnesium Status

Workinger¹,

Doyle

Bortz³

2018

Nutrients

132

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Magnesium is a critical mineral in the human body and is involved in ~80% of known metabolic functions. It is currently estimated that 60% of adults do not achieve the average dietary intake (ADI) and 45% of Americans are magnesium deficient, a condition associated with disease states like hypertension, diabetes, and neurological disorders, to name a few. Magnesium deficiency can be attributed to common dietary practices, medications, and farming techniques, along with estimates that the mineral content of vegetables has declined by as much as 80–90% in the last 100 years. However, despite this mineral’s importance, it is poorly understood from several standpoints, not the least of which is its unique mechanism of absorption and sensitive compartmental handling in the body, making the determination of magnesium status difficult. The reliance on several popular sample assays has contributed to a great deal of confusion in the literature. This review will discuss causes of magnesium deficiency, absorption, handling, and compartmentalization in the body, highlighting the challenges this creates in determining magnesium status in both clinical and research settings.

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“…Hypomagnesaemia is an important risk factor for the development and progression of type 2 diabetes [ 3 – 5 ]. Low dietary Mg 2+ intake and reduced serum Mg 2+ concentrations have also been associated with obesity, although with conflicting results [ 1 , 6 – 8 ]. Moreover, reduced blood Mg 2+ levels have been correlated with elevated glucose and triacylglycerol concentrations in individuals with type 2 diabetes, suggesting that hypomagnesaemia is associated with insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia [ 1 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnesium deficiency prevents high-fat-diet-induced obesity in mice

et al. 2018

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Aims/hypothesisHypomagnesaemia (blood Mg2+ <0.7 mmol/l) is a common phenomenon in individuals with type 2 diabetes. However, it remains unknown how a low blood Mg2+ concentration affects lipid and energy metabolism. Therefore, the importance of Mg2+ in obesity and type 2 diabetes has been largely neglected to date. This study aims to determine the effects of hypomagnesaemia on energy homeostasis and lipid metabolism.MethodsMice (n = 12/group) were fed either a low-fat diet (LFD) or a high-fat diet (HFD) (10% or 60% of total energy) in combination with a normal- or low-Mg2+ content (0.21% or 0.03% wt/wt) for 17 weeks. Metabolic cages were used to investigate food intake, energy expenditure and respiration. Blood and tissues were taken to study metabolic parameters and mRNA expression profiles, respectively.ResultsWe show that low dietary Mg2+ intake ameliorates HFD-induced obesity in mice (47.00 ± 1.53 g vs 38.62 ± 1.51 g in mice given a normal Mg2+-HFD and low Mg2+-HFD, respectively, p < 0.05). Consequently, fasting serum glucose levels decreased and insulin sensitivity improved in low Mg2+-HFD-fed mice. Moreover, HFD-induced liver steatosis was absent in the low Mg2+ group. In hypomagnesaemic HFD-fed mice, mRNA expression of key lipolysis genes was increased in epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT), corresponding to reduced lipid storage and high blood lipid levels. Low Mg2+-HFD-fed mice had increased brown adipose tissue (BAT) Ucp1 mRNA expression and a higher body temperature. No difference was observed in energy expenditure between the two HFD groups.Conclusions/interpretationMg2+-deficiency abrogates HFD-induced obesity in mice through enhanced eWAT lipolysis and BAT activity.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s00125-018-4680-5) contains peer-reviewed but unedited supplementary material, which is available to authorised users.

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Comparison of Serum Magnesium Levels in Overweight and Obese Children and Normal Weight Children

Cited by 35 publications

References 24 publications

Effect of Dietary Magnesium Content on Intestinal Microbiota of Rats

Effect of Dietary Magnesium Content on Intestinal Microbiota of Rats

Challenges in the Diagnosis of Magnesium Status

Magnesium deficiency prevents high-fat-diet-induced obesity in mice

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