Challenges in the Diagnosis of Magnesium Status

Abstract

Magnesium is a critical mineral in the human body and is involved in ~80% of known metabolic functions. It is currently estimated that 60% of adults do not achieve the average dietary intake (ADI) and 45% of Americans are magnesium deficient, a condition associated with disease states like hypertension, diabetes, and neurological disorders, to name a few. Magnesium deficiency can be attributed to common dietary practices, medications, and farming techniques, along with estimates that the mineral content of vegetables has declined by as much as 80–90% in the last 100 years. However, despite this mineral’s importance, it is poorly understood from several standpoints, not the least of which is its unique mechanism of absorption and sensitive compartmental handling in the body, making the determination of magnesium status difficult. The reliance on several popular sample assays has contributed to a great deal of confusion in the literature. This review will discuss causes of magnesium deficiency, absorption, handling, and compartmentalization in the body, highlighting the challenges this creates in determining magnesium status in both clinical and research settings.

Low serum magnesium and 1‐year mortality in alcohol withdrawal syndrome

“…18,19 Most epidemiological studies have defined concentrations below 0.70 mmol/L as "very low" 20 below 0.75 mmol/L as "low". However, there is ongoing debate as to the serum magnesium concentration threshold below which a patient may be considered to be deficient.…”

“…However, there is ongoing debate as to the serum magnesium concentration threshold below which a patient may be considered to be deficient. 18,19 Most epidemiological studies have defined concentrations below 0.70 mmol/L as "very low" 20 below 0.75 mmol/L as "low". 22,23 In the present study, approximately 65% of patients with AWS had low circulating concentration of magnesium (<0.75 mmol/L) and this was independently associated with mortality.…”

Hubungan Magnesium Serum Dengan Kadar Glukosa Darah Pada Dewasa Overweight Dan Obesitas

“…Hal ini dapat dikarenakan bahan makanan sumber serat seperti sayuran dan biji-bijian utuh merupakan sumber magnesium yang tinggi, sehingga peningkatan asupan serat berhubungan dengan peningkatan kadar magnesium. 21 Magnesium merupakan mineral yang berperan sebagai antioksidan dan kofaktor beberapa enzim yang dapat menjaga stabilitas membran dan mecegah stres oksidatif. 8 36 Selain recall 24 jam dan SQ-FFQ, penilaian asupan zat gizi makro juga bisa menggunakan metode food record dimana responden mencatat semua makanan yang dikonsumsi sehingga asupan zat gizi dalam sehari dapat diketahui.…”

“…20 Selain itu pemeriksaan magnesium serum lebih banyak digunakan untuk menentukan status magnesium dalam tubuh dibandingkan dengan pengukuran magnesium pada urin, tinja atau jaringan lainnya dan dianggap reliabel untuk mewakili simpanan magnesium dalam tubuh. 21 Sampai saat ini pengukuran magnesium serum banyak dilakukan pada pasien Diabetes. Peneliti tertarik untuk menganalisis hubungan kadar magnesium bersama dengan variabel asupan energi dan zat gizi makro serta magnesium terhadap kadar glukosa darah puasa pada dewasa overweight dan obesitas di Kecamatan Serengan Kota Surakarta.…”

Magnesium supplementation to prevent recurrence of renal stones

“…Several studies show that Mg ingestion in the diet is below the recommended levels -it is estimated that 50-60% of adults do not reach the average dietary intake 18,19 . A growing body of evidence from epidemiologic and clinical studies has confirmed the association of magnesium deficiency with several diseases such as electrolyte, neurologic, musculoskeletal and inflammatory disorders; cardiovascular diseases and diabetes 15,20,21 .…”