Comparison of serum calprotectin, a marker of neutrophil activation, and other mediators of inflammation in response to alcohol consumption

Ganoderic acids-rich ethanol extract from Ganoderma lucidum protects against alcoholic liver injury and modulates intestinal microbiota in mice with excessive alcohol intake

“…TNF-α plays an important role in some inflammatory diseases by up-regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway and accelerating the release of IL-6 and IL-1β ( Dendoncker et al, 2019 ). Previous study suggested alcohol treatment significantly increased the serum levels of IL-1β , IL-6 and TNF-α , which is consistent with our findings ( Nivukoski et al, 2021 ). Interestingly, high-dose GLE intervention can significantly reverse the abnormal transcription levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in liver induced by excessive alcohol intake ( p < 0.01).…”

Blood Cell Responses Following Heavy Alcohol Consumption Coincide with Changes in Acute Phase Reactants of Inflammation, Indices of Hemolysis and Immune Responses to Ethanol Metabolites

“…Our study comparing blood cell changes induced by heavy alcohol drinking with various mediators of inflammation, indices of hemolysis and autoantibody responses against ethanol metabolites reveals distinct coinciding phenomena in the responses of such parameters. The observed changes in blood leukocytes, a cellular biomarker of inflammation, were found to parallel those in serum calprotectin, a marker of neutrophil activation, indicating a potent role of alcohol abuse as a driver of neutrophil-driven inflammation [ 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ]. Thus, neutrophil function may play a key role in perpetuating inflammation in patients with recent alcohol drinking, which is also in accordance with recent findings from both healthy volunteers and alcoholic patients, indicating that even a single alcohol binge may influence neutrophil recruitment and gut microbiome composition and thereby lead to an increase in acute phase proteins and low-grade inflammation [ 5 , 6 , 7 ].…”

“…Thus, neutrophil function may play a key role in perpetuating inflammation in patients with recent alcohol drinking, which is also in accordance with recent findings from both healthy volunteers and alcoholic patients, indicating that even a single alcohol binge may influence neutrophil recruitment and gut microbiome composition and thereby lead to an increase in acute phase proteins and low-grade inflammation [ 5 , 6 , 7 ]. Calprotectin release upon neutrophil activation may be associated with both anti-infective and anti-inflammatory properties, including control of myelopoiesis, scavenging of reactive oxygen species, chemotaxis and direct antimicrobial effects [ 30 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ]. The interactions observed here with blood leukocytes, calprotectin and the other mediators of inflammation also support a role of such responses in controlling the status of inflammation in response to excessive alcohol drinking [ 32 , 33 , 35 , 36 , 37 ].…”

“…Calprotectin release upon neutrophil activation may be associated with both anti-infective and anti-inflammatory properties, including control of myelopoiesis, scavenging of reactive oxygen species, chemotaxis and direct antimicrobial effects [ 30 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ]. The interactions observed here with blood leukocytes, calprotectin and the other mediators of inflammation also support a role of such responses in controlling the status of inflammation in response to excessive alcohol drinking [ 32 , 33 , 35 , 36 , 37 ]. The leukocyte responses were also associated with the levels of haptoglobin, a major hemoglobin-binding protein in the plasma, which is known as an acute phase protein with the ability to regulate immune cell responses [ 38 ].…”

“…The sample size in our study was relatively small although large enough for new findings to emerge. Future work, however, warrants addressing the pathogenic and clinical significance of current observations on hematotoxicity, susceptibility to infections as well as on the pathways of low-grade inflammation and tissue damage in heavy alcohol drinkers [ 2 , 13 , 23 , 32 ]. Additional research is also needed to address the question whether modulation of immunological responses could be used to develop new approaches in the treatment of alcohol-induced inflammatory manifestations.…”