Comparison of refractometers and test endpoints in the measurement of serum protein concentration to assess passive transfer status in calves

Calloway, Christopher D.; Tyler, Jeff W.; Tessman, Ronald K.; Hostetler, Douglas E.; Holle, Julie

doi:10.2460/javma.2002.221.1605

Cited by 121 publications

(143 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…1,16 Refractometry, the sodium sulfite turbidity test, zinc sulfate turbidity test, serum gamma-glutamyl transferase activity, and whole blood glutaraldehyde coagulation can all be used to estimate serum IgG concentration indirectly. 4,26,51 RID is currently considered the reference method for measuring IgG concentration and assessing FTPI in dairy calves. 25 The method is laboratory-based, relatively expensive, and requires a minimum of 18-24 hr to obtain results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of bovine immunoglobulin G using transmission and attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy

et al. 2015

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Abstract. In this study, we evaluated and compared the performance of transmission and attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared (IR) spectroscopic methods (in combination with quantification algorithms previously developed using partial least squares regression) for the rapid measurement of bovine serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration, and detection of failure of transfer of passive immunity (FTPI) in dairy calves. Serum samples (n = 200) were collected from Holstein calves 1-11 days of age. Serum IgG concentrations were measured by the reference method of radial immunodiffusion (RID) assay, transmission IR (TIR) and ATR-IR spectroscopy-based assays. The mean IgG concentration measured by RID was 17.22 g/L (SD ±9.60). The mean IgG concentrations predicted by TIR and ATR-IR spectroscopy methods were 15.60 g/L (SD ±8.15) and 15.94 g/L (SD ±8.66), respectively. RID IgG concentrations were positively correlated with IgG levels predicted by TIR (r = 0.94) and ATR-IR (r = 0.92). The correlation between 2 IR spectroscopic methods was 0.94. Using an IgG concentration <10 g/L as the cut-point for FTPI cases, the overall agreement between TIR and ATR-IR methods was 94%, with a corresponding kappa value of 0.84. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy for identifying FTPI by TIR were 0.87, 0.97, 0.91, 0.95, and 0.94, respectively. Corresponding values for ATR-IR were 0.87, 0.95, 0.86, 0.95, and 0.93, respectively. Both TIR and ATR-IR spectroscopic approaches can be used for rapid quantification of IgG level in neonatal bovine serum and for diagnosis of FTPI in dairy calves.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of bovine immunoglobulin G using transmission and attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy

et al. 2015

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“…The diameter of the precipitin ring is read manually and is proportional to the immunoglobulin concentration in the serum. [8][9][10] These measurements are compared with measurements from standards to estimate immunoglobulin concentrations. This method is both time and temperature dependent and relies on skilled technical personnel.…”

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confidence: 99%

Measurement of Serum IgG in Foals by Radial Immunodiffusion and Automated Turbidimetric Immunoassay

et al. 2005

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Hypogammaglobulinemia as a result of failure of transfer of passive immunity (FTPI) is an important risk factor for infectious disease in neonatal foals. The current gold standard for determining serum immunoglobulin concentrations is radial immunodiffusion (RID). The purpose of this study was to compare immunoglobulin concentrations measured by RID with those determined by an automated turbidimetric immunoassay (TIA), which has a much shorter turnaround time. Immunoglobulin concentrations were measured by both RID and TIA in serum collected from 84 neonatal foals. Sixty-seven foals had results within the linear range for both assays. Sensitivity and specificity of TIA for diagnosis of FTPI with IgG Յ 800 mg/dL were 0.81 (95% CI 0.70-0.88) and 0.86 (95% CI 0.76-0.93) and with IgG Յ 400 mg/dL were 0.63 (95% CI 0.35-0.86) and 0.92 (95% CI 0.87-0.95), respectively. A significant linear relationship was found between IgG concentrations determined by TIA and RID (TIA ϭ 0.9511RID ϩ 8.4354; R 2 ϭ .59, P Ͻ .0001). The coefficients of variation for between-run and within-run precision for the TIA were 2.5 and 3%, respectively. Storage of samples from 10 foals at Ϫ20ЊC for 10-12 months resulted in a reduction in TIAmeasured serum IgG concentration of Ϫ17.6% (SD ϭ 3.7%), indicating that long-term storage of samples at Ϫ20ЊC should be avoided. The results of this study indicate that measurement of serum IgG by TIA can be used to evaluate foals for FTPI.Key words: Horse; IgG measurement; Immunoglobulin; Transfer of immunity.T ransfer of passive immunity is crucial to the health of a neonatal foal. In contrast to cats and dogs, no immunoglobulin transfer occurs across the equine placenta, and foals are born hypogammaglobulinemic. Therefore, immunoglobulin transfer in the initial postnatal period by ingestion of good-quality colostrum is critical for the establishment of passive immunity in the foal. The rate of uptake of colostral immunoglobulins by the foal's small intestinal epithelial cells is highest in the 1st 6-8 hours after birth and then begins to decline. Immunoglobulin is not absorbed after 24-36 hours of age. If a foal fails to suckle in the immediate postpartum period, there is a low to absent concentration of immunoglobulin, resulting in a high incidence of neonatal infectious disease. [1][2][3][4] Failure of transfer of passive immunity (FTPI) can result from injury or illness in the neonate, inadequate immunoglobulin production by the dam, or failure of the neonate to absorb the ingested colostrum. 4,5 The incidence of FTPI in foals is estimated to be between 2.9 and 25%. 6 Foals that are immunodeficient because of FTPI are susceptible to many infections, especially septicemia, omphalophlebitis, septic arthritis, and respiratory infections. 1-4 Thus, a sensitive and specific diagnostic test to identify FTPI is valuable in the management of neonatal foals.The current gold standard for determination of serum immunoglobulin concentration is the serial radial immunodiffusion (RID) assay. 7,8 In this test, serum is ...

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“…Cut-off points of 52 mg/ml (Calloway and others 2002), 20 units (McEwan and others 1970), 20 mg/ml (Garry and others 1993) and 100 IU/l (Parish and others 1997) were selected for STP, ZST, globulin and GGT, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between selected perinatal paratuberculosis management interventions and passive transfer of immunity in dairy calves

et al. 2016

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The objective of this cohort study was to assess the relationship between perinatal calf management practices relevant to the control of paratuberculosis and passive transfer of immunoglobulin in calves born in an endemically infected Irish dairy herd. Data from 176 calves were used to assess the effect of time spent in the calving area, individual versus non‐designated calving and colostrum pasteurisation on serum total protein, zinc sulphate turbidity, globulin and γ‐glutamyltransferase. In addition, the effects of colostrum quality, volume of colostrum fed, method of colostrum administration and calving season on passive transfer were quantified. Serum samples were collected as part of routine herd health monitoring from calves aged between one and seven days. Multivariate linear and logistic regression models were used to assess the effect of each variable on the test result and failure of passive transfer as determined using a cut‐off point for each diagnostic test. Colostrum pasteurisation and calving area were not significantly associated with passive transfer, whereas increased time spent in the calving pen was consistently associated with a detrimental effect. In addition, a strong seasonal effect was apparent, which appeared to be unrelated to colostrum quality and calf management. The authors are unaware of published studies documenting such a significant seasonal effect on passive transfer.

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Comparison of refractometers and test endpoints in the measurement of serum protein concentration to assess passive transfer status in calves

Cited by 121 publications

References 18 publications

Quantification of bovine immunoglobulin G using transmission and attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy

Quantification of bovine immunoglobulin G using transmission and attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy

Measurement of Serum IgG in Foals by Radial Immunodiffusion and Automated Turbidimetric Immunoassay

Relationship between selected perinatal paratuberculosis management interventions and passive transfer of immunity in dairy calves

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