Comparison of Pyrene Biodegradation Using Two Types of Marine Bacterial Isolates

Abstract

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contaminants have toxic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties. Screening bacteria from different sources capable of carrying out the biodegradation of (PAHs) is essential for mapping and mobilization purposes and applying them to polluted hydrocarbon environments. The study aims to compare the capacity of PAH biodegradation by two types of bacteria isolated from different sources. The method applied is the interaction between bacterial suspension and pyrene-contaminated waste for 30 days. Biodegradation products in organic compounds were analyzed using gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The analysis results found several indications of the performance of bacterial biodegradation: The capacity of pyrene degradation by Bacillus licheniformis strain ATCC 9789 (Bl) bacteria against pyrene was relatively more dominant than Sphingobacterium sp. strain 21 (Sb) bacteria. The percentage of total bacterial biodegradation for product type Sb was (39.00%), and that of the product of bacterial degradation type Bl (38.29%). The biodegradation products of the test bacteria (Bl and Sb) were relatively similar to pyrene in the form of alcohol and carboxylic acid organic compounds. There was no significant difference in the pyrene biodegradation between Bl and Sb bacteria.

Potential Utilization of Bacterial Consortium of Symbionts Marine Sponges in Removing Pollutants Global Trends: A Review

“…This modification is believed to increase the degradability of PAHs because each type of bacteria can take on the role of degradation in parallel so that it can complete one cycle of conversion of pyrene to phenanthrene in a possibly shorter duration of time [71,90]. The study of the potential of the R-1 consortium bacteria was intended to remediate waste containing hydrocarbon components, especially PAHs, with high remediation performance and efficiency [38,145].…”

“…The types and populations of sponges are huge, so the right sponge selection is needed by tracing, including symbiont bacteria that have the potential and ability to degrade and adsorb. It can be done by selecting sponges in their habitat, especially those with dark colours or smooth body surfaces because they are coated with mucus [20,21,[71][72][73]. Bacterial symbionts from the selected sponge were then isolated to obtain a single isolate [74,75].…”

Potential Utilization of Bacterial Consortium of Symbionts Marine Sponges in Removing Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons and Heavy Metals, Review

“…The types and populations of sponges are vast, so the right sponge selection must be made with symbiont bacteria that have the potential and ability to degrade and adsorb. This can be done by selecting sponges in their habitat, especially those with dark colors or smooth body surfaces because these are coated with mucus [20,21,[71][72][73]. Bacterial symbionts from the selected sponge are then isolated to obtain a single isolate [74,75].…”

“…Generally, the degradation performance of bacteria decreases when the oxidation produces a carboxylic acid product [50,58,99]. Another factor that can inhibit the bacterial degradation of the substrate (reactant) of the hydrocarbon component is the low solubility of the hydrocarbon component, making it difficult for bacteria to penetrate [71,100,101].…”

“…Variations in the level of bacterial degradation of hydrocarbon components indicate that multiple factors influence bioremediation [58,106]. Two things always occur in the biodegradation of hydrocarbon components (subtracts) by bacteria (degraders), namely: (1) The biodegradation of hydrocarbon pollutants by bacteria through an oxidation reaction pathway involving enzymes produced by bacteria in response to the presence of toxic substances in their growth habitat [71,107,108]. (2) A decrease in the performance of bacterial degradation when degradation products are formed as carboxylic compounds.…”