Comparison of petal senescence in forced and unforced common lilac flowers during their postharvest life

Abstract

Recently, the programmed cell death (PCD) is studied in the context of the postharvest longevity of cut flowers with the goal of slowing down the processes that ultimately lead to flower death, and to ensure a long display life of cut plant material. In this study, the phenomenon of PCD in petals of common lilac (Syringa vulgaris L.) was observed, aimed to compare degradation of petal cells in flowers blooming under natural conditions with those forced in November. For the early lilac forcing, a deep dormancy has to be broken by high temperatures 35-37°C negatively affecting postharvest life of cut branches. The trials included as well the observation of the effect of two flower preservatives on the PCD in order to see if the prolongation of the lilac vase life was associated with a delay in the onset of the PCD symptoms. The vase life of cut lilacs was significantly increased by both preservatives. The first symptoms of PCD were evident in the flower bud stage. In petals from forced shrubs, the first symptoms of cell degradation were much more advanced than in lilacs blooming naturally in May. In forced flowers held in the preservatives, the degradative changes in cells occurred later than in those kept in water, but they were accelerated relative to a flower developmental stage.

Flowering conditions affect flower longevity in Syringa vulgaris and cause changes in protein content, protease activity and expression of a KDEL-CysEP gene

“…4) and shortens flower life (Table 1). Cytological observation of flower development and senescence in forced lilacs provided evidence that the first symptoms of petal degradation had already started in the flower bud (Jędrzejuk et al 2013), while degradation of reproductive structures was already evident in inflorescence elongation phase (Jędrzejuk 2005;Jedrzejuk and Lukaszewska 2008a, b). These observations and the expression pattern of To elucidate the role of cysteine endoproteases during flower senescence, genes of cysteine protease that up-regulate during flower senescence, have been cloned from the petals of Dianthus caryophyllus (Jones et al 1995), Hemerocallis (Valpuesta et al 1995;Guerrero et al 1998), Alstroemeria peruviana (Wagstaff et al 2002), Sandersonia aurantiaca (Eason et al 2002), Narcissus pseudonarcissus (Hunter et al 2007), and Gladiolus grandiflora (Arora and Singh 2004).…”

“…All experiments were replicated twice in the years 2012-2013. The plant material was sampled at the following developmental phases as described by Jędrzejuk et al (2013) (Fig. 1): (A) inflorescence bud swelling, (B) inflorescence elongation, (C) flower bud whitening, (D) flower bud swelling, (E) open flower, (F) flowers completely wilted.…”

“…Petal degradation is mostly observed at the ultrastructural level, but in Alstroemeria, Iris, Sandersonia or Hemerocallis (Wagstaff et al 2003;van Doorn et al 2003;Eason et al 2002;Stead and van Doorn 1994), mesophyll degradation could also be visible under the light microscope. In common lilac, the first symptoms of cell degradation in flowers, such as degradation of nuclei and mitochondria, breakdown of cell walls, and cytoplasmic digestion, appeared earlier in flowers forced in November under high temperatures than in flowers blooming naturally in May (Jędrzejuk et al 2013). Proteolytic activity is one of the most important processes in PCD (Bieleski 1995;Brzin and Kidric 1996;Soudry et al 2005;Azeez et al 2007).…”

Nanosilver as a novel biocide for control of senescence in garden cosmos

“…In this study, the levels of total glucose in intact flowers dropped by 1/3 during the six days of experiment, while in control cut flowers that drop amounted to 3/4 of the initial level. This can be considered normal, as senescence is hastened by detaching a flower from a mother plant [3][4][5][6] . A similar reduction in soluble sugars in ray florets of cosmos was also reported by Jani and Mankad 28 .…”

Utilização Do Fungo Do Gênero Penicillium Em Fermentação Em Estado Sólido: Uma Revisão

“…A partir do momento em que as flores são separadas da planta mãe ocorre a aceleração da senescência, principalmente, porque na colheita é rompido o fluxo de água e nutrientes essenciais para as reações biológicas que continuam acontecendo nessas flores. E a velocidade de deterioração destas flores é resultado de processos fisiológicos complexos influenciados por fatores externos (SONEGO; BRACKMANN, 1995;JEDRZEJUK et al, 2013;DIAS, 2016).…”