Comparison of nitrogen use by two population densities of eastern black nightshade (Solanum ptycanthum)

Wahle, Elizabeth A.; Masiunas, John B.

doi:10.1614/0043-1745(2003)051[0394:conubt]2.0.co;2

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 26 publications

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“…Eastern black nightshade continues to be one of the more problematic weeds in tomato (Eizenberg et al 2003;McGiffen et al 1992;Wahle and Masiunas 2003), and its competition and control has been studied extensively (Eizenberg et al 2003;McGiffen et al 1992;Weaver et al 1987). Eastern black nightshade was absent from the IOFM system but among the most abundant species in remaining systems.…”

Section: Species Indicator Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergent weed communities associated with tomato production systems in Indiana

et al. 2006

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Weed species respond to the cumulative effect of multiple practices employed within weed management systems. However, this response is rarely studied at the system level, and the relationships between weed communities and management systems in crops are not well understood. We used multivariate analyses to assess relationships among tomato management systems and weed species identified through on-farm sampling of 59 fields. Giant foxtail, common lambsquarters, prickly sida, and carpetweed were common in all systems. Eastern black nightshade was common in the conventional processing and mixed fresh-market systems but largely absent from the organic system. Barnyardgrass and goosegrass were common in the organic fresh-market system but not in the other systems. Canonical correspondence analysis identified distinct associations between specific species and the management systems. Common purslane was strongly associated with the rain-fed, mixed fresh-market system, and barnyardgrass, goosegrass, yellow nutsedge, and green foxtail were associated with the irrigated, organic fresh-market system. Indicator species analysis identified five species that were significant indicators of the organic, fresh-market system and one species that was a significant indicator of the rain-fed, mixed fresh-market system. Weed populations persist or increase when a set of species-specific environmental conditions are met. The association of weed species in this study with particular systems supports the hypothesis that weed communities are strongly affected by management systems.

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Section: Species Indicator Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergent weed communities associated with tomato production systems in Indiana

et al. 2006

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Absorção e utilização do nitrogênio pelas culturas da soja e do feijão e por plantas daninhas

et al. 2004

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RESUMO -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência na absorção e utilização do nitrogênio (N) pelas culturas da soja e do feijão e por plantas daninhas freqüentemente encontradas nas áreas agrícolas do Brasil. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados com três repetições, em esquema fatorial 6 x 4, sendo seis espécies vegetais: soja (Glycine max), feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris), dois biótipos de Euphorbia heterophylla (suscetível e resistente aos herbicidas inibidores da ALS), Bidens pilosa e Desmodium tortuosum; e quatro doses de N (0, 20, 40 e 80 mg dm -3 ) avaliado em casa de vegetação. A aplicação do N foi realizada adicionando-se 60% do fertilizante sulfato de amônio (20% de N) na semeadura e o restante em cobertura, dividida em duas aplicações: 20 e 30 dias após plantio (DAP). A espécie vegetal que mais respondeu em aumento de área foliar, com a adição de doses crescentes de N, foi B. pilosa; todavia, nos tratamentos sem aplicação ou com a aplicação das menores doses desse nutriente, a soja apresentou a maior área foliar. Também a soja acumulou a maior biomassa em seu sistema radicular, tendendo, porém, a diminuir com a adição de N. B. pilosa e os biótipos de E. heterophylla aumentaram seu acúmulo de biomassa com o incremento do fornecimento de N. Nenhuma espécie respondeu à adubação com N em relação ao aumento no teor desse nutriente em seus tecidos; entretanto, observou-se que as leguminosas apresentaram maior teor do que as espécies pertencentes às demais famílias. O conteúdo total de N nos tecidos da cultura da soja diminuiu com o aumento da dose aplicada; já para todas as espécies de plantas daninhas, o conteúdo acumulado de N aumentou com o incremento das doses. A maior eficiência das raízes na absorção de N foi constatada para as plantas de feijão. B. pilosa e os biótipos de E. heterophylla foram as espécies que demonstraram maior eficiência na utilização do N absorvido. O fornecimento de N favoreceu mais as espécies de plantas daninhas não pertencentes à família das leguminosas do que as culturas da soja e do feijão; por essa razão, um manejo inadequado desse nutriente nessas culturas pode agravar o problema da matocompetição. ; and 4 doses of N (0; 20; 40 and 80 mg dm -3 Palavras-chave: Glycine max, Phaseolus vulgaris, Desmodium tortuosum, Bidens pilosa, Euphorbia heterophylla. ABSTRACT -The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency in NITROGEN( N) uptake and use by soybean and bean crops and by weeds in agricultural areas in Brazil. A 6x4 factorial arrangement was employed on a randomized block design, with 6 plant species soybean (Glycine max), bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), two Euphorbia heterophylla (biotypes susceptible and resistant to ALS -inhibiting herbicides), Bidens pilosa and Desmodium tortuosum

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Population Density and Nitrogen Fertility Effects on Tomato Growth and Yield

Wahle¹,

Masiunas²

2003

HortSci

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Greenhouse hydroponics and field experiments were conducted to determine how nitrogen (N) fertilizer treatments affect tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) growth, yield, and partitioning of N in an effort to develop more sustainable fertilization strategies. In a hydroponics study, after 4 weeks in nitrate treatments, shoot dry weight was five times greater at 10.0 than at 0.2 mm nitrate. An exponential growth model was strongly correlated with tomato root growth at all but 0.2 mm nitrate and shoot growth in 10 mm nitrate. Root dry weight was only 15% of shoot biomass. In field studies with different population densities and N rates, height in the 4.2 plants/m2 was similar, but shoot weight was less than in the 3.2 plants/m2. At 12 weeks after planting, shoot fresh weight averaged 3.59 and 2.67 kg/plant in treatments with 3.2 and 4.2 plants/m2, respectively. In 1998, final tomato yield did not respond to N rate. In 1999, there was a substantial increase in fruit yield when plants were fertilized with 168 kg·ha-1 N but little change in yield with additional N. Nitrogen content of the leaves and the portion of N from applied fertilizer decreased as the plants grew, and as N was remobilized for fruit production. Both studies indicate that decreasing N as a way to reduce N loss to the environment would also reduce tomato growth.

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Comparison of nitrogen use by two population densities of eastern black nightshade (Solanum ptycanthum)

Cited by 3 publications

References 26 publications

Emergent weed communities associated with tomato production systems in Indiana

Emergent weed communities associated with tomato production systems in Indiana

Absorção e utilização do nitrogênio pelas culturas da soja e do feijão e por plantas daninhas

Population Density and Nitrogen Fertility Effects on Tomato Growth and Yield

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