Comparison of morphological changes in efferent lymph nodes after implantation of resorbable and non-resorbable implants in rabbits

Abstract

BackgroundMagnesium alloys as biodegradable implant materials received much interest in recent years. It is known that products of implant degradation can induce several types of immune response. Hence, the aim of this study was to examine the morphological changes of efferent lymph nodes after implantation of different resorbable magnesium alloys (MgCa0.8, LAE442) in comparison to commercially available resorbable (PLA) and non-resorbable (titanium) implant materials as well as control groups without implant material.MethodsThe different implant materials were inserted intramedullary into the rabbit tibia. After postoperative observation periods of three and six months, popliteal lymph nodes were examined histologically and immunhistologically and compared to lymph nodes of sham operated animals and animals without surgery. Haematoxylin and eosin staining was performed for cell differentiation. Mouse anti-CD79α and rat anti-CD3 monoclonal primary antibodies were used for B- and T-lymphocyte detection, mouse anti-CD68 primary antibodies for macrophage detection. Evaluation of all sections was performed applying a semi quantitative score.ResultsThe histological evaluation demonstrated low and moderate levels of morphological changes for both magnesium alloys (LAE442 and MgCa0.8). Higher than moderate values were reached for titanium in sinus histiocytosis and histiocytic apoptosis (3 months) and for PLA in histiocytic apoptosis (3 and 6 months). The immune response to all investigated implants had a non-specific character and predominantly was a foreign-body reaction. LAE442 provoked the lowest changes which might be due to a lower degradation rate in comparison to MgCa0.8. Therewith it is a promising candidate for implants with low immunogenic potential.ConclusionBoth examined magnesium alloys did not cause significantly increased morphological changes in efferent lymph nodes in comparison to the widely used implant materials titanium and PLA. LAE442 induced even lower immunological reactions. Therewith MgCa0.8 and especially LAE442 are appropriate candidates for biomedical use.

Establishment of a Novel Bladder Cancer Xenograft Model in Humanized Immunodeficient Mice

“…Many researchers have chosen CD3 as the cell marker for the T lymphocyte detection [38]. For example, anti-CD3 monoclonal primary antibody was used for T-lymphocyte detection in the recent two studies with good sensitivity in measurement [39,40]. Hence, we decided to choose CD3 as a marker for the T lymphocytes infiltration.…”

In vivo degradation of magnesium alloy LA63 scaffolds for temporary stabilization of biological myocardial grafts in a swine model

“…Third, slow-degrading magnesium alloy implants may have a reduced immunogenic potential. Bondarenko et al [4] implanted cylinders of the magnesium alloy LAE442 and MgCa0.8 in tibiae of rabbits. They found a slower degradation of and a lower immune reaction to the LAE442 implants during a time course similar to that of our study.…”

Magnesium corrosion particles do not interfere with the immune function of primary human and murine macrophages

“…After the healing process is completed the implant would disintegrate and the surgery for implant removal would no longer be required, with major benefits for the patient as well as by reducing the burden on the healthcare system, thus saving both risks and costs (Kraus et al 2012; Staiger et al 2006). Moreover, permanent implant materials and, in particular, implant wear particles can elicit an inflammatory foreign body response (Bondarenko et al 2011; Hallab and Jacobs 2009; Witte et al 2007). Such long-term side effects could be avoided with self-degradable implants.…”

“…Most studies reported appropriate immunological response to magnesium implants (Badar et al 2013; Bondarenko et al 2011; Feser et al 2011; Kraus et al 2012; Willbold et al 2011; Witte et al 2007) but excess degradation rates have been associated with increased immune cell infiltration (Dziuba et al 2013; Erdmann et al 2010). In a recent study the bone tissue response was evaluated after complete degradation of a ZEK100 magnesium alloy implant and the authors reported severe pathological alterations with elevated numbers of inflammatory cells, such as osteoclasts, macrophages and giant cells (Dziuba et al 2013).…”