Comparison of Molecular and Biological Characteristics of a Modified Live Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) Vaccine (Ingelvac PRRS MLV), the Parent Strain of the Vaccine (ATCC VR2332), ATCC VR2385, and Two Recent Field Isolates of PRRSV

Opriessnig, Tanja; Halbur, Patrick G.; Yoon, Kyoung-Jun; Pogranichniy, Roman M.; Harmon, Karen M.; Evans, Richard B.; Key, K. F.; Pallarés, F. J.; Thomas, P. John; Meng, Xiang‐Jin

doi:10.1128/jvi.76.23.11837-11844.2002

Cited by 148 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…This factor and the possibility that the parental wild-type virus and the vaccine itself had low fitness may have prevented the lineage from becoming widespread, as observed for other vaccine-associated lineages. The safety of live attenuated PRRSV vaccines has been questioned since the detection of MLV vaccine revertants which caused productive problems similar to those of wild-type PRRSV (41,52,55). In our analyses, we identified two large vaccine-associated sublineages, with the majority of their sequences being closely related to MLV (sublineage 5.1) and ATP (sublineage 8.9).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) typing, it was shown that the prevalence of vaccine strains and vaccine derivatives reached 10% in Quebec (39) and Ͼ33% in Ontario (5). In addition, vaccine derivatives might not share the same attenuated phenotype as their parental types, and reversion to a virulent type has been observed in the field (36,52,55).Long-distance dissemination of PRRSV. PRRSV can be transmitted over long distances via pathways that are inherent features of modern swine production, notably the transportation of pigs and the use of contaminated semen.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Phylogeny-Based Evolutionary, Demographical, and Geographical Dissection of North American Type 2 Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Viruses

Shī

Lam

Hon

et al. 2010

J Virol

347

375

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Type 2 (or North American-like) porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) was first recorded in 1987 in the United States and now occurs in most commercial swine industries throughout the world. In this study, we investigated the epidemiological and evolutionary behaviors of type 2 PRRSV. Based on phylogenetic analyses of 8,624 ORF5 sequences, we described a comprehensive picture of the diversity of type 2 PRRSVs and systematically classified all available sequences into lineages and sublineages, including a number of previously undescribed lineages. With the rapid growth of sequence deposition into the databases, it would be technically difficult for veterinary researchers to genotype their sequences by reanalyzing all sequences in the databases. To this end, a set of reference sequences was established based on our classification system, which represents the principal diversity of all available sequences and can readily be used for further genotyping studies. In addition, we further investigated the demographic histories of these lineages and sublineages by using Bayesian coalescence analyses, providing evolutionary insights into several important epidemiological events of type 2 PRRSV. Moreover, by using a phylogeographic approach, we were able to estimate the transmission frequencies between the pig-producing states in the United States and identified several states as the major sources of viral spread, i.e., "transmission centers." In summary, this study represents the most extensive phylogenetic analyses of type 2 PRRSV to date, providing a basis for future genotyping studies and dissecting the epidemiology of type 2 PRRSV from phylogenetic perspectives.Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an economically important virus which infects swine and causes reproductive failure in sows and respiratory problems in growing pigs. As a member of the Arteriviridae family (15,47,59,66), PRRSV has a positive-sense RNA genome of approximately 15 kb that carries eight overlapping open reading frames (ORFs), designated ORFs 1a, 1b, and 2 to 7 (15, 47). Among these ORFs, ORF5, encoding the major envelope glycoprotein, is an ideal candidate for phylogenetic tree construction, because it exhibits marked genetic variation within its relatively short length.PRRSV can be classified into two genotypes: type 1 (EUlike), comprising mainly European strains and represented by the prototype strain Lelystad (75); and type 2 (NA-like), comprising mainly North American strains and represented by the prototype strain VR-2332 (14). Although clinical diseases are similar following infections with these viruses, they differ significantly in terms of antigenic properties (18, 74) and genetic content (42,48,51). This has sparked hot debates on the evolutionary history and divergence time of these two genotypes (24,25,29,58), but no substantial consensus has been reached.Classification and epidemiology of type 2 PRRSV. Clinical disease due to type 2 PRRSV was first recorded in 1987 in the United Stat...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phylogeny-Based Evolutionary, Demographical, and Geographical Dissection of North American Type 2 Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Viruses

Shī

Lam

Hon

et al. 2010

J Virol

347

375

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…PRRSV mainly infects primary porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs). Previous studies reported that highly pathogenic PRRSV (HP-PRRSV) infection caused severe interstitial pneumonia (44,45), and the protein levels of IL-1b, IL-10, and TNF-a were significantly elevated in HP-PRRSV-infected pigs (46,47). IL-1b level was closely correlated with persistent infection and pathogenesis of PRRSV (48).…”

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confidence: 84%

DDX19A Senses Viral RNA and Mediates NLRP3-Dependent Inflammasome Activation

Liu

et al. 2015

The Journal of Immunology

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The NLRP3 inflammasome plays a major role in innate immune responses by activating caspase-1, resulting in secretion of IL-1β and inflammatory pathologic responses. Viral RNA can induce NLRP3 inflammasome activation. However, none of the components of NLRP3 inflammasome has the ability to bind viral RNA. Therefore, it had been proposed that there might have been some unidentified cytosolic RNA sensors that could bind viral RNA and NLRP3 to initiate NLRP3 inflammasome activation. In this study, DDX19A, a member of the DEAD/H-box protein family, was identified as a novel component of NLRP3 inflammasome using arterivirus infection as a model. We found that DDX19A interacted with viral RNA and NLRP3. Knockdown of DDX19A expression efficiently inhibited procaspase-1 cleavage and IL-1β secretion in porcine reproductive and respiration syndrome virus (PRRSV)–infected or PRRSV RNA-stimulated primary porcine alveolar macrophages. Overall, DDX19A was identified as a novel cytosolic RNA sensor that bridged PRRSV RNA and NLRP3 to activate NLRP3 inflammasome.

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“…There are many commercially attenuated or inactivated vaccines for the prevention of PRRS. Research suggests that the attenuated vaccines still might have the ability to mutate to virulent types, and cause vaccine-associated outbreaks (Opriessnig et al, 2002). On the other hand, the immunity provided by these inactivated vaccines is not enough for the animal stock (Nilubol et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innovation of a New Virus-Like Nanoparticle Vaccine System for the Specific Aerosol Relative Disease

Zhang

Tsai

Chao

et al. 2016

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Human spend a lot of time indoors and indoor air quality (IAQ) has a great effect on quality of life in humans. Traditionally, bioaerosol in IAQs is focused on bacteria and fungus. Airborne viruses, particularly for the nanoparticletype virus, on the bioaerosol particulates are associated with the quality of human health in indoor environment. We establish the human like animal model, like pig, for testing the efficacy of the nano virus like particle (VLP) vaccine for aerosol relative disease. The porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), which is an airborne and a droplet infection virus coated on the small size of bioaerosol, carries a major infectious disease in the pig raising industry worldwide. There are commercial vaccines including attenuated and inactivated vaccines available, but their efficacy remains to be improved. VLP represents safe and effective vaccine platforms based on nano-technology. The fusion protein of capsid protein (Cap) from the porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) and the glycoprotein 5 (GP5) from PRRSV were expressed by E. coli system. The fusion protein self-assembled with the GP5 to become a VLP nanoparticle. For testing, BALB/c mice were immunized with 10 µg of chimeric VLP nanoparticle once, which induced neutralization by antibody responses to PRRSV. The VLP nanoparticle vaccine induced high T cell proliferation, not evident in commercial vaccines tested on mice. Our results suggest that the cheaper VLP-based nanoparticle is a possibly viable approach model for specific airborne-relative-diseases human vaccine in the future.

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Comparison of Molecular and Biological Characteristics of a Modified Live Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) Vaccine (Ingelvac PRRS MLV), the Parent Strain of the Vaccine (ATCC VR2332), ATCC VR2385, and Two Recent Field Isolates of PRRSV

Cited by 148 publications

References 30 publications

Phylogeny-Based Evolutionary, Demographical, and Geographical Dissection of North American Type 2 Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Viruses

Phylogeny-Based Evolutionary, Demographical, and Geographical Dissection of North American Type 2 Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Viruses

DDX19A Senses Viral RNA and Mediates NLRP3-Dependent Inflammasome Activation

Innovation of a New Virus-Like Nanoparticle Vaccine System for the Specific Aerosol Relative Disease

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