Comparison of Mammography and Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis of Breast Lesions with Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology – A Cross Sectional Study in East Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh

Abstract

BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the second most common malignancy and most common among women next to lung cancer. A small lump in the breast leads to great physical, emotional, and psychological trauma to the victim and as well as family. In addition to clinical examination, imaging modalities like mammography (MG), ultrasonography (USG), cytological diagnosis by fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and tissue diagnosis were used for the diagnosis. These diagnostic techniques have certain pitfalls in addition to their advantages. A study was conducted to evaluate the breast lesions according to breast imaging reporting and data system using MG and USG, correlation with FNAC. METHODS It was a cross-sectional study, conducted in the Department of Radio-diagnosis, GSL Medical College, Rajahmundry from January 2018 to June 2019, over a period of 18 months. An informed consent was taken from all the participants. The individual with palpable breast lesions detected in clinical examination were included. Physiological swelling, ulcerated and fungal breast growths were not considered. After the detailed clinical history, physical examination, MG and USG were performed, proceeded for FNAC, smears were stained with Leishman and Papanicolaou stain. Statistical analysis was performed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 20.0). Descriptive data was presented in the form of mean, standard deviation and percentages. Chi-square test was done to assess the association among various categorical data, P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Total 142 participants were included, maximum number belong to 41 to 50 years, 0.7 % were male. Right side lesion was the predominant. With FNAC, the sensitivity, specificity and the diagnostic accuracy were 86.5 %, 97.8 % and 93.7 %, respectively for benign breast lesions (BBL) diagnosis and 96.7 %, 84.6 %, 92.25 % respectively for malignant breast lesions (MBL) diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS The sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy was observed to be higher in diagnosis of both BBL and MBL with the combined modalities. KEYWORDS Breast Lesions, Benign, Malignant