Comparison of Individuals with and Without Specific IgA Antibodies to Chlamydia pneumoniae

Falck, Göran; Gnarpe, Judy; Hansson, Lars‐Olof; Svärdsudd, Kurt; Gnarpe, Håkan

doi:10.1378/chest.122.5.1587

Cited by 45 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…IgG antibodies to Cpn are generally thought to mark previous exposure to the pathogen, 36 whereas persistent presence of IgA antibodies, with IgA antibodies having a half-life of approximately only a week, presumably reflects chronicity. 37 It has been suggested that the combination of Cpn antibodies and an inflammatory marker, especially CRP, an emerging risk factor for cardiovascular disease, 38 could also be a reliable marker of chronicity. Although the definite stimulus for CRP is unknown, higher CRP values might arise from the chronic inflammatory state evident in persistent infections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Aortic Intima-Media Thickness in 11-Year-Old Healthy Children With Persistent Chlamydia pneumoniae Seropositivity

Volanen

Järvisalo

Vainionpää

et al. 2006

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Objective-The relationship between Chlamydia pneumoniae (Cpn) infection and arterial measures of preclinical atherosclerosis has remained controversial. Because atherogenesis begins in early life, we examined whether carotid and aortic intima-media thickness (IMT) and brachial artery endothelial function are associated with Cpn seropositivity in children. Methods and Results-Cpn-specific IgG and IgA antibodies were assessed by enzyme immunoassay in 199 healthy children followed-up annually from 7 to 11 years of age. Carotid (cIMT) and aortic IMT (aIMT), and brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) were measured in 137 of the 199 children at the age of 11 years using high-resolution ultrasound. Research into the infectious hypothesis in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis has focused, in particular, on Chlamydia pneumoniae (Cpn), an obligate intracellular human pathogen responsible for a significant portion of atypical pneumonia. The evidence of Cpn as a causative agent in the development of atherosclerosis is based on seroepidemiological studies, 3 and detection of viable Cpn from the atheromas of coronary, carotid and femoral arteries, and of abdominal aortic aneurysms. 4,5 However, in the available studies in adults, the relation of Cpn infection to endothelial dysfunction and increased intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery (cIMT), 2 measures of subclinical atherosclerosis, has not been conclusively demonstrated.High-resolution ultrasound is a reliable noninvasive method for detecting early functional and structural atherosclerotic changes in the arterial wall. Flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery is a marker of endothelial function. 6 The carotid artery has been the target in the assessment of early structural vascular changes because it is located superficially on the neck and is thus easily visualized by ultrasound. However, autopsy studies have shown that the earliest morphological alterations in the arterial wall emerge in the abdominal aorta. 7 Therefore, intima-media thickness of the abdominal aorta (aIMT) may provide an even better index of preclinical atherosclerosis than cIMT. Consistent with this idea, we have recently shown that children with increased risk factor load are more efficiently identified by measuring aIMT than cIMT, which shows more overlapping with healthy controls. 8 Numerous cardiovascular risk factors have been related to early functional and structural vascular wall changes already in the first decade of life. 9 -13 In addition, impaired FMD and increased cIMT have been demonstrated in HIV-infected children, 14 and in children with elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations. 15 Currently, there are no data on the association between exposure to Cpn and markers of subclinical atherosclerosis in childhood. Therefore, we assessed whether the thickness of aortic and carotid intima-media complex, and brachial artery reactivity are related to Cpn seropositivity in otherwise healthy children. MethodsFor a more detailed description, please s...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Aortic Intima-Media Thickness in 11-Year-Old Healthy Children With Persistent Chlamydia pneumoniae Seropositivity

Volanen

Järvisalo

Vainionpää

et al. 2006

ATVB

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“…A very small study found that type 2 diabetic patients were more frequently seropositive (IgA) for this pathogen (30). In another report, a significant positive correlation between this seropositivity and CRP was shown, but the association with homeostasis model assessment was not described (31).…”

Section: 007 After Controlling For Age and Bmi)mentioning

confidence: 94%

Burden of Infection and Insulin Resistance in Healthy Middle-Aged Men

et al. 2006

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OBJECTIVE -We hypothesized that burden of infection could be associated with chronic low-grade inflammation, resulting in insulin resistance. We aimed to study the effect of exposure to four infections on insulin sensitivity in apparently healthy middle-aged men (n ϭ 124).RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -By inclusion criteria, all subjects were hepatitis C virus antibody seronegative. Each study subject's serum was tested for specific IgG class antibodies against herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1, HSV-2, enteroviruses, and Chlamydia pneumoniae through the use of quantitative in vitro enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Insulin sensitivity was evaluated using minimal model analysis.RESULTS -The HSV-2 titer was negatively associated with insulin sensitivity even after controlling for BMI, age, and C-reactive protein (CRP). The associations were stronger when considering the infection burden. In particular, in those subjects who were seropositive for C. pneumoniae, the relationship between the quantitative seropositivity index (a measure of the exposure to various pathogens) and insulin sensitivity was strengthened (r ϭ Ϫ0.50, P Ͻ 0.0001). We also observed decreasing mean insulin sensitivity index with increasing seropositivity score in subjects positive for enteroviruses. In the latter, the relationship between insulin sensitivity and seropositivity was especially significant (r ϭ Ϫ0.71, P Ͻ 0.0001). In a multivariate regression analysis, both BMI and quantitative seropositivity index (7%) independently predicted insulin sensitivity variance in subjects with C. pneumoniae seropositivity. When controlling for CRP, this association was no longer significant. CONCLUSIONS -Pathogen burden showed the strongest association with insulin resistance, especially with enteroviruses and C. pneumoniae seropositivity. We hypothesize that exposure to multiple pathogens could cause a chronic low-grade inflammation, resulting in insulin resistance.

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“…[5][6][7][8]10,12 However, several other studies did not find such association. [27][28][29][30][31][32] Our study included over 5000 individuals, which is to the best of our knowledge, the largest study of the topic. In addition, our study population is general population based and the subjects were relatively young, 31 years of age at the time of data collection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…19,20 Slightly elevated levels of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) are considered as a marker of systemic low-grade inflammation associated with obesity, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome, 21 and future cardiovascular events. [21][22][23][24][25][26] Previous studies concerning the association between C. pneumoniae infection markers and overweight/obesity have focused only on BMI and/or have had rather small sample size, [5][6][7][8]10,12,[27][28][29][30][31][32] the results being contradictory. In our large (n ¼ 5044), well-defined population, our aim was to study whether C. pneumoniae-specific IgG antibodies are associated with elevated BMI, and whether the risk is more pronounced in those individuals with an ongoing inflammation, measured by elevated high-sensitive CRP (hsCRP) levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association of body mass index, waist and hip circumference, and waist–hip ratio with Chlamydia pneumoniae IgG antibodies and high-sensitive C-reactive protein at 31 years of age in Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966

et al. 2011

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Comparison of Individuals with and Without Specific IgA Antibodies to Chlamydia pneumoniae

Cited by 45 publications

References 40 publications

Increased Aortic Intima-Media Thickness in 11-Year-Old Healthy Children With Persistent Chlamydia pneumoniae Seropositivity

Increased Aortic Intima-Media Thickness in 11-Year-Old Healthy Children With Persistent Chlamydia pneumoniae Seropositivity

Burden of Infection and Insulin Resistance in Healthy Middle-Aged Men

The association of body mass index, waist and hip circumference, and waist–hip ratio with Chlamydia pneumoniae IgG antibodies and high-sensitive C-reactive protein at 31 years of age in Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966

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