Comparison of hysterosalpingography, hysterosonography and hysteroscopy in evaluation of the uterine cavity in patients with recurrent pregnancy losses

Abstract

The HS had higher diagnostic accuracy in the detection of uterine cavity anomalies and it was better tolerated by the patients when compared to hysterosalpingography and hysteroscopy.

The uterus and fertility

“…The rate is much higher (46.7%) in infertile women with endometriosis (58) and lower (0.6% [60] to 5% [61]) in women with recurrent pregnancy loss.…”

Congenital malformations of the female genital tract: the need for a new classification system

“…However, two-dimensional ultrasound using the transabdominal and/or transvaginal route, as well as sonohysterography later, were major noninvasive steps forward in the diagnosis of congenital malformations, and a real improvement was made with the introduction of three-dimensional ultrasound, enabling the physician to estimate both the endometrial cavity and the outer shape of the uterus in a more accurate and patient-friendly way (7,42,(43)(44)(45)(46)(47)(48)(49)(50)(51)(52)(53)(54)(55)(56)(57)(58). More recent advances in the field of computer science and ultrasound offer the opportunity for the three-dimensional computerized ultrasound reconstruction of the uterine cavity, a diagnostic approach that could be undertaken as virtual hysteroscopy (59).…”

Obstetric outcomes in women with mullerian duct malformations

“…As a result, reported population prevalence rates have varied between 0.06% and 38%. 9 This wide variation is likely to be linked to the assessment of different patient populace and the use of different diagnostic techniques with variable test accuracy as well as reliance on non-standardized classification systems. Most data are derived from studies of patients presenting with reproductive problems and accurate diagnosis and complete assessment of the uterine morphology has not always been performed.…”