Comparison of Facial Proportions and Anthropometric Norms Among Turkish Young Adults With Different Face Types

Arslan, Seher; Genç, Dt. Celal; Odabaş, Bahadır; Kama, Jalen Devecioğlu

doi:10.1007/s00266-007-9049-y

Cited by 46 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Knowledge of the proportions in the upper lip-lower lip-chin area has a major impact on the perception of facial aesthetics [9,10,13,30]. It is possible to enlarge, refine, shorten and reshape lips with surgical techniques or with nonsurgical procedures like injectable soft tissue fillers such as bovine collagen or hyaluronic acid [8,24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The appearance including the shape, size, fullness and symmetry are important aspects of attractiveness [6][7][8]. The definition of Bperfect^or Bideal^lips changes, depending on factors such as age, ethnicity, culture, fashion and current trends [9][10][11][12][13]. The definition of Bideal lipî s full with a well-defined vermilion border and with the correct balance between the upper and lower lips [2,[14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Computer-assisted analysis contour lines of aesthetic unit for the assessment of lip augmentation

et al. 2016

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Background Lip augmentation and changing contour lines have become more popular ways of improving the appearance. However, validated measures of lip fullness for quantification of outcomes are needed; ethnic background and personal goals can optimise outcomes while tailoring lip enhancement treatment to each individual's anatomy. The aim of this study is to analyse the morphological features of the lip in detail and to clarify the objective parameters in related with the subjective ones regarding the lip augmentation and lip reconstruction. Methods Standard photographs of the lips of 200 young Anatolian adults were calculated with linear and angular components. The features of the lower third of the face were analysed with the software program. Linear analyses (heights of the upper lip, the upper vermilion, the lower lip height, the lower vermillion and the chin height) and angular analyses (the upper lip, the lower lip, the apex and Cupid's bow angles) were measured as reference points. The lip shape was classified into five groups: thin, very thin, medium, full and very full. Results The lower third of the face was divided into three segments (Sn-Sto, Sm-Me and Sto-Sm), and the largest portion of the lower face was occupied by the chin and the smallest by the lower lip height in both genders. The upper vermilion height was 8.07 ± 1.8 mm in males and 7.08 ± 1.5 mm in females. The lower vermilion height was 10.1 ± 2.4 mm in males and 9.7 ± 1.9 mm in females. The upper lip angle was calculated as 30.3 ± 9.6°in males and 24.2 ± 6.2°mm in females. The lower lip angle was calculated as 38.3 ± 9.7°in males and 36.5 ± 6.4°in females. Meanwhile, the angular measurements of Cupid's bow (i.e., the apex and the central angle of Cupid's bow) were smaller in men than in women. When the lip was analyzed, the medium and full types in upper and lower lips accounted for substantial fractions in men, whereas medium and thin types were predominant also in women. Conclusions With the help of certain software, this research has made possible to define the best cosmetical redesign solution of lip construction and augmentation with a natural appearance for the patient. Level of Evidence: Level III, diagnostic study.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Computer-assisted analysis contour lines of aesthetic unit for the assessment of lip augmentation

et al. 2016

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“…Arslan et al [2] have sought to determine the facial types according to facial indices and the leptoprosope face type was found to be more common in their study group. In our study, the euryprosope face type was more common in both mathematics and painting department.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of the functional asymmetry of the brain on face morphometry in the university students of mathematics and painting department

et al. 2019

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Background: The face is a complicated structure configurations of which are originated and components integrated during the developmental stages. Almost the whole of face is formed by neural crest cells migrating from the edge of the cranial neural folds to the pharyngeal arcus. Brain is an asymmetric organ both functionally and anatomically. While the left hemisphere is dominant in processing the verbal, mathematical and logical information, the right hemisphere is dominant in processing the perceptual, visible, spatial and artistic information. The functional differences in the left and right brain hemispheres might also cause differences in facial regions developing from the same centres as telencephalon during embryonic period. Therefore; we aimed to perform linear anthropometric measurements and determine whether functional asymmetry of brain creates any change in facial linear measurements, on the faces of students of painting and mathematics departments whose skills are different from each other. Materials and methods: This study was performed on 212 students. A total number of 22 measurements from 17 anthropometric points for each student were done. Measurements were carried out between November 2011 and February 2012. Results: Our findings revealed that there were statistically significant differences between two student groups in the face width, intercanthal distance, mandibular width, nose width, upper lip height and philtrum length. The comparison of genders revealed that there were statistically significant differences between all measured parameters. In addition, all students from both departments had euryprosopic face type when face type points were compared. Conclusions: Those differences might be related to the functional asymmetry of brain. Therefore it could be suggested that the functional asymmetry of brain could cause an asymmetry in the face as well as in the linear anthropometric measurements.

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“…A facial profile silhouette image was created using Adobe Photoshop CC (Adobe Systems, San Jose, CA, USA). The image was manipulated using the same software to construct an "ideal" facial profile image based on proportions and linear and angular soft tissue measurements (13,14).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preference for different lip positions in a Turkish population

Bor

Kazanci²,

Adıgüzel³

2018

Int Dent Res

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Aim: This study evaluated the preferences for different lip positions among dental students, dentists, laypersons, and patients. Methodology: Average female and male silhouette profiles were constructed from published soft tissue data for the Turkish population. The lips in each average profile were protruded or retruded in 2 mm increments with respect to Ricketts’ E-line. Five images were created from the average profile and arranged randomly. Then, 54 dental students, 55 dentists, 46 laypersons, and 60 orthodontic patients were asked to rate each silhouette profile from 1 (least attractive) to 10 (most attractive). The independent t-test was used to analyze the effect of gender on preference and one-way analysis of variance was used to determine whether there were differences among the groups. Results: The dentists favored profile ‘a’ (+2 mm protruded), while the other groups favored profile ‘e’ (average profile) in both sexes. Profile ‘d’ was the least favored profile, except in the dentists group. For the dental students, profile ‘d’ was the least favored of the male profiles and ‘c’ was the least favored of the female profiles. There were significant differences among the groups when assessing male profiles ‘a’, ‘c’ (p<0.01), and ‘b’ (p<0.05). Conclusion: The average profile image was favoured and the image that showed slight (+2 mm) lip protrusion was preferred second. All rater groups tolerated changes of ±2 mm with respect to the average lip position.

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Comparison of Facial Proportions and Anthropometric Norms Among Turkish Young Adults With Different Face Types

Abstract: The data presented in this study may help plastic surgeons and orthodontists objectively determine the relationships between facial structures for different face types. Additionally, the facial anthropometric norms derived from this study may be useful in the treatment of Turkish patients.

Cited by 46 publications

References 22 publications

Computer-assisted analysis contour lines of aesthetic unit for the assessment of lip augmentation

Computer-assisted analysis contour lines of aesthetic unit for the assessment of lip augmentation

The effect of the functional asymmetry of the brain on face morphometry in the university students of mathematics and painting department

Preference for different lip positions in a Turkish population

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