Comparison of Earthquake Scaling Relations Derived from Data of the Instrumental and Preinstrumental Era

Stirling, Mark; Rhoades, David A.; Berryman, Kelvin

doi:10.1785/0120000221

Cited by 161 publications

(166 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Compilers use commonly the equation derived for the entire sample -i.e., with no distinction on style of faulting, although a significative fraction also consider the equations for normal or reverse faulting. Compilers also considered Stirling et al (2002) equation for preinstrumental data, but this is done basically only in the Iberian Range faults. Finally, for many Atlantic Ocean faults the relation of Scholz (2002) based on aspect ratio is also used.…”

Section: Maximum Magnitudementioning

confidence: 99%

The Quaternary Active Faults Database of Iberia (QAFI v.2.0)

Mayordomo

Insúa-Arévalo

Díaz

et al. 2012

Journal of Iberian Geology

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The Quaternary Active Faults Database of Iberia (QAFI) is an initiative lead by the Institute of Geology and Mines of Spain (IGME) for building a public repository of scientific data regarding faults having documented activity during the last 2.59 Ma (Quaternary). QAFI also addresses a need to transfer geologic knowledge to practitioners of seismic hazard and risk in Iberia by identifying and characterizing seismogenic fault-sources. QAFI is populated by the information freely provided by more than 40 Earth science researchers, storing to date a total of 262 records. In this article we describe the development and evolution of the

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Section: Maximum Magnitudementioning

confidence: 99%

The Quaternary Active Faults Database of Iberia (QAFI v.2.0)

Mayordomo

Insúa-Arévalo

Díaz

et al. 2012

Journal of Iberian Geology

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“…Stirling et al (2002) show that a rupture length of ∼130 km corresponds to an average M w 7.6-7.7, but M w 7.8-7.9 is not inconsistent given the scatter observed for instrumentally recorded earthquakes worldwide.…”

Section: The 1872 Rupture: Seismological Observationsmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…The previously mentioned results can also be compared with established empirical scaling relations (e.g., Wells and Coppersmith, 1994;Stirling et al, 2002). Stirling et al (2002) show that a rupture length of ∼130 km corresponds to an average M w 7.6-7.7, but M w 7.8-7.9 is not inconsistent given the scatter observed for instrumentally recorded earthquakes worldwide.…”

Section: The 1872 Rupture: Seismological Observationsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Revisiting the 1872 Owens Valley, California, Earthquake

Hough

Hutton

2008

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America

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The 26 March 1872 Owens Valley earthquake is among the largest historical earthquakes in California. The felt area and maximum fault displacements have long been regarded as comparable to, if not greater than, those of the great San Andreas fault earthquakes of 1857 and 1906, but mapped surface ruptures of the latter two events were 2-3 times longer than that inferred for the 1872 rupture. The preferred magnitude estimate of the Owens Valley earthquake has thus been 7.4, based largely on the geological evidence. Reinterpreting macroseismic accounts of the Owens Valley earthquake, we infer generally lower intensity values than those estimated in earlier studies. Nonetheless, as recognized in the early twentieth century, the effects of this earthquake were still generally more dramatic at regional distances than the macroseismic effects from the 1906 earthquake, with light damage to masonry buildings at (nearest-fault) distances as large as 400 km. Macroseismic observations thus suggest a magnitude greater than that of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, which appears to be at odds with geological observations. However, while the mapped rupture length of the Owens Valley earthquake is relatively low, the average slip was high. The surface rupture was also complex and extended over multiple fault segments. It was first mapped in detail over a century after the earthquake occurred, and recent evidence suggests it might have been longer than earlier studies indicated. Our preferred magnitude estimate is M w 7.8-7.9, values that we show are consistent with the geological observations. The results of our study suggest that either the Owens Valley earthquake was larger than the 1906 San Francisco earthquake or that, by virtue of source properties and/or propagation effects, it produced systematically higher ground motions at regional distances. The latter possibility implies that some large earthquakes in California will generate significantly larger ground motions than San Andreas fault events of comparable magnitude.

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“…The value of M Max can be evaluated from a geometrical element of the fault plane using empirical relationships proposed in the literature, as Wells and Coppersmith (1994), Stirling et al (2002) or Leonard (2010) (among others). Assigning a recurrence model to the fault and assuming an initial b-value (for example, b=1) that will be adjusted iteratively, it is possible to stablish a relation between the seismicity rare and the moment rate by solving the integral proposed by 20 Anderson (1979).…”

Section: Seismic Potential Of Faultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5). The maximum expected earthquake magnitude generated in each fault is derived from the fault geometry, 15 applying the empirical relationship of Stirling (2002). Moment rates accumulated in the faults are estimated using the fault plane area and the slip rate value by the formula of Brune (1968).…”

Section: Sources Input Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Approach for combining faults and area sources in seismic hazard assessment: Application in southeastern Spain

Rivas-Medina¹,

Benito²,

Gaspar‐Escribano³

2018

Preprint

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Abstract. This paper presents a methodological approach for seismic hazard assessment that considers a hybrid source model composed by faults as independent entities and zones (containing the residual seismicity). The seismic potential of both types of sources is derived from different data: for the zones, the recurrence model is estimated from the seismic 10 catalog. For fault sources, it is inferred from kinematic parameters derived from paleoseismicty and GNSS measurements.Distributing the seismic potential associated to each source is a key question when considering hybrid models of zone and faults, which some authors solve by assigning to the fault only the earthquakes that exceed a fixed magnitude value Mc. In the present approach, instead of restricting the magnitudes of each type of source, the distribution of seismic potential is carried out only for magnitudes below the maximum magnitude value completely recorded in the catalog (Mmaxc). This is 15 derived from a completeness analysis and can be lower than the Mmax generated by the faults, taking into account that their the recurrence period can be higher than the observation period of the catalog.The proposed approach is applied in southern Spain, a region of low-to-moderate seismic where faults move slowly. The results obtained are contrasted with the results of a seismic hazard model using the traditional zone model exclusively.Results show a concentration of expected accelerations around fault traces using the hybrid approach, which is not 20 appreciated in the classic approach using zones exclusively.

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Comparison of Earthquake Scaling Relations Derived from Data of the Instrumental and Preinstrumental Era

Cited by 161 publications

References 25 publications

The Quaternary Active Faults Database of Iberia (QAFI v.2.0)

The Quaternary Active Faults Database of Iberia (QAFI v.2.0)

Revisiting the 1872 Owens Valley, California, Earthquake

Approach for combining faults and area sources in seismic hazard assessment: Application in southeastern Spain

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