Comparison of different types and levels of commercial soybean lecithin supplemented in semipurified diets for juvenileLitopenaeus vannameiBoone

Abstract

Two 6-week growth trials were conducted to determine the dietary phospholipids (PL) requirement of Litopenaeus vannamei juveniles and to compare the eect of dierent types of soybean lecithin on shrimp growth and survival. In the ®rst trial, a basal diet and diets containing 1.5, 3 or 5% (dryweight basis) of Type I lecithin (97.6% PL) and 1.5 or 3% of Type II lecithin (71.4% PL) were evaluated. In the second trial, the basal diet and diets containing 1, 2 or 4% of either Type I or Type II lecithin and 1 or 2% of Type III lecithin (48.4% PL) were evaluated. Results showed that there was no interaction between lecithin type and PL level on shrimp growth or survival. Shrimp growth increased with PL levels up to 3±5% of diet. No signi®cant dierences were observed for instantaneous growth rate (IGR) of shrimp fed the dierent types of lecithin at the same inclusion level, and no eect of PL level and lecithin type on shrimp survival was found. Thus, the recommended level of PL supplementation in diets for L. vannamei juveniles ranges from 3 to 5% of diet. KEY KEY WORDS1 Gross energy (GE) 4.4 kcal g )1 and digestible energy (DE) 3.5 kcal g )1 diet. 2 GE 4.5 kcal g )1 and DE 3.6 kcal g )1 .

Effects of dietary menhaden oil, soybean oil and soybean lecithin oil at different ratios on growth, body composition and blood chemistry of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei

“…Many studies have demonstrated that, supplementing PL to the diet of shrimp usually showed higher growth rate compared to the diets having respective oil without PL (Kanazawa et al 1985;Coutteau et al 1996;Coutteau et al 2000;Gong et al 2001;González-félix et al 2002a;Kumaraguru vasagam et al 2005). No significant differences in growth at this trial probably were due to the following two reasons.…”

“…The difference probably was due to low initial wet weight (0.08 ± 0.003 g). Significant effects of PL supplementation on survival had been demonstrated in larval shrimp and crab (Kanazawa et al 1985;Coutteau et al 2000;Cheng et al 1998), the dietary PL supplementation can increase resistance to salinity stress and osmotic stress in shrimp postlarval and larval (D'Abramo et al 1981;Camara et al1996;Kontara et al 1997;Coutteau et al 2000;Gong et al 2001;Palacios et al 2004). Usually, juvenile shrimp (more than 0.9 g) appear to be less sensitive to deficiency of PL (González-félix et al 2002a;Kumaraguru vasagam et al 2005).…”

Lecithin requirements of juvenile Australian red claw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus

“…However, the active components of soya bean lecithin is unclear. Gong et al (2001) reported that growth‐enhancing effects of juvenile shrimp L. vannamei fed three different types of commercial soya bean lecithin with various percentages of PC levels (21.7, 12.5 and 7.5) were not different, and suggested that PL other than PC may also affect shrimp growth. In our study, the lecithin composition of our commercial lecithin contained 16% (PC), 12% (PE), 9% (PI) and 3% phosphatidic acid, with the remaining components consisting of soya bean oil, ash, glycolipids, carbohydrates and water.…”

“…As the cholesterol requirement of red claw is not known, and lack of dietary cholesterol may result in reduced growth and/or survival in crustaceans (Kean et al 1985), it was decided to add cholesterol to the diets. Gong et al (2001) stated that juvenile western white shrimp, L. vannamei required 3.0% lecithin in a diet and that this level was higher compared with other species because of their use of cholesterol‐free diets. Teshima et al (1986b) assumed that dietary phospholipids may provide specific lipid classes in the formation of lipoproteins and that dietary phospholipids improved the mobilization of cholesterol from the gut to the hepatopancreas, haemolymph and muscle in Penaeus japonicus .…”

“…Phospholipids comprise a group of polar lipids that are added to the diet of crustaceans as a source of energy, cell membrane components, to allow for the emulsification of lipids during digestion and absorption, and are the principal transport form of lipids in the crustacean haemolymph (Lee & Puppione 1978; Gong et al 2001). Phospholipids (lecithin) have been reported to be necessary in the diets of several crustacean species for enhanced growth and survival including: American lobster (Conklin et al 1980; D'Abramo et al 1981); red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii (Lochmann et al 1992); banana shrimp Penaeus merguiensis (Thongrod & Boonyaratpalin 1998); and western white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Gong et al 2001). However, these results are in contrast to other reports that stated that supplemental lecithin did not improve weight gain or survival of the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (Hilton et al 1984; Briggs et al 1988; Kanazawa 1993).…”