Comparison of color discrimination in chronic heavy smokers and healthy subjects

Fernandes, Thiago Monteiro de Paiva; Santos, Natanael Antônio dos

doi:10.12688/f1000research.10714.1

Cited by 12 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…The results do not suggest the existence of selective changes in spatial channels of visual processing 12, 20 , but support the idea that tobacco constituents play a role as addiction chemical modulators and visual sensitivity through dopamine (DA), GABA and glutamate neurotransmission deficits 21–26 .…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 78%

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Effects of smoking and smoking abstinence on spatial vision in chronic heavy smokers

Fernandes

Almeida

Santos

2017

Sci Rep

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Cigarette smoke is a complex chemical mixture, involving health-damaging components such as carbon monoxide, ammonia, pyridine, toluene and nicotine. While cognitive functions have been well documented in heavy smokers, spatial vision has been less characterized. In the article, we investigated smoking effects through contrast sensitivity function (CSF), a rigorous procedure that measures the spatial vision. Data were recorded from 48 participants, a group of non-smokers (n = 16), a group of chronic and heavy cigarette smokers (n = 16) and deprived smokers (n = 16); age range 20–45 years. Sinewave gratings with spatial frequencies ranging from 0.25 to 20 cycles per degree were used. All subjects were free from any neurological disorder, identifiable ocular disease and had normal acuity. No abnormalities were detected in the fundoscopic examination and in the optical coherence tomography exam. Contrary to expectations, performance on CSF differed between groups. Both smokers and deprived smokers presented a loss of contrast sensitivity compared to non-smokers. Post-hoc analyses suggest that deprived smokers were less sensitive at all spatial frequencies. These results suggest that not only chronic exposure to cigarette compounds but also withdrawal from nicotine affected spatial vision. This highlights the importance of understanding diffuse effects of smoking compounds on visual spatial processing.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 78%

“…Indeed, tobacco components may increase free radical that would cause macular degeneration along with the action of ischemia. Besides, these mechanisms affect color vision 19, 21, 54 , which is our future research target.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of smoking and smoking abstinence on spatial vision in chronic heavy smokers

Fernandes

Almeida

Santos

2017

Sci Rep

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“…However, as this finding is similar to the CCT Trivector test (J.D. Mollon, 2000), with the exception of the game 3 blue-yellow test, and given that the CCT Trivector test has been used to report statistically significant differences in color vision in people with diabetes (Gualtieri, Feitosa-Santana, Lago, Nishi, & Ventura, 2013), above community levels of exposure to occupational solvents (Costa et al, 2012) and in smokers (Fernandes & Santos, 2017), it may be reasoned that the tablet-computer-based games have the same potential to provide clinically significant measures.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Normative values for a tablet computer-based application to assess chromatic contrast sensitivity

et al. 2017

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Tablet computer displays are amenable for the development of vision tests in a portable form. Assessing color vision using an easily accessible and portable test may help in the self-monitoring of vision-related changes in ocular/ systemic conditions and assist in the early detection of disease processes. Tablet computer-based games were developed with different levels of gamification as a more portable option to assess chromatic contrast sensitivity. Game 1 was designed as a clinical version with no gaming elements. Game 2 was a gamified version of game 1 (added fun elements: feedback, scores, and sounds) and game 3 was a complete game with vision task nested within. The current study aimed to determine the normative values and evaluate repeatability of the tablet computer-based games in comparison with an established test, the Cambridge Colour Test (CCT) Trivector test. Normally sighted individuals [N = 100, median (range) age 19.0 years (18-56 years)] had their chromatic contrast sensitivity evaluated binocularly using the three games and the CCT. Games 1 and 2 and the CCT showed similar absolute thresholds and tolerance intervals, and game 3 had significantly lower values than games 1, 2, and the CCT, due to visual task differences. With the exception of game 3 for blue-yellow, the CCT and tablet computer-based games showed similar repeatability with comparable 95% limits of agreement. The custom-designed games are portable, rapid, and may find application in routine clinical practice, especially for testing younger populations.

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“…The four-alternative forced-choice (4-AFC) 9 , 29 , 44 method was used. The subjects were instructed to indicate, using a remote control response box, the position of the opening/gap in the Landolt C stimulus.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Acquired CV loss can result from optical, neural, or systemic disease 8 . Conditions that affect the nervous system, such as BPD, may also affect CV 9 – 11 , ranging from ophthalmic diseases to pathology of the visual cortex. Bipolar disorder is a complex and heterogeneous disorder that affects the nervous system as a whole 12 , 13 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colour discrimination thresholds in type 1 Bipolar Disorder: a pilot study

Fernandes

Andrade

et al. 2017

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Although some studies have reported perceptual changes in psychosis, no definitive conclusions have been drawn about visual disturbances that are related to bipolar disorder (BPD). The purpose of the present study was to evaluate colour vision in BPD patients. Data were recorded from 24 participants: healthy control group (n = 12) and type 1 BPD group (n = 12). The participants were 20–45 years old and they were free from neurological disorders and identifiable ocular disease and had normal or corrected-to-normal visual acuity. Colour discrimination was evaluated using the Lanthony D-15d, Trivector and Ellipse tests, using a psychophysical forced-choice method. The relationship of visual measures to mood state and cognitive function was also investigated. The results showed that BPD patients had higher colour discrimination thresholds in the D15d (p < 0.001), Trivector (p < 0.001) and Ellipse (p < 0.01) tests compared with healthy controls. Linear regression analysis showed that mood state was related to colour discrimination. BPD individuals were not impaired in cognitive tasks. The present study provided new evidence of potential links between type 1 BPD and visual processing impairments. This research suggests a new direction for studies and the need for research in this field of study.

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Comparison of color discrimination in chronic heavy smokers and healthy subjects

Cited by 12 publications

References 55 publications

Effects of smoking and smoking abstinence on spatial vision in chronic heavy smokers

Effects of smoking and smoking abstinence on spatial vision in chronic heavy smokers

Normative values for a tablet computer-based application to assess chromatic contrast sensitivity

Colour discrimination thresholds in type 1 Bipolar Disorder: a pilot study

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