Comparison of climate–growth responses of montane and piedmont longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) chronologies in North Carolina

Mitchell, T.; Patterson, Thomas; Knapp, Paul A.

doi:10.1007/s00468-019-01823-8

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…At these mountainous (hereafter montane) sites, longleaf pine grow on steep, rocky, south-and southwest-facing slopes (Patterson and Knapp 2016). In central North Carolina's Uwharrie Mountains, Mitchell et al (2019) reported a strong relationship between monthly precipitation and latewood growth that exceeds previously reported values throughout much of the species' range (Meldahl et al 1999, Foster and Brooks 2001, Henderson and Grissino-Mayer 2009), yet attribution to either specific event types or possibilities for reconstructing precipitation were not explored. Here, we examine the specific mechanisms for precipitation in central North Carolina using instrumental data and investigate multi-century changes of reconstructed precipitation from longleaf pine tree rings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Changes in southeastern USA summer precipitation event types using instrumental (1940–2018) and tree-ring (1790–2018) data

Mitchell

Knapp

Patterson

2019

Environ. Res. Commun.

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We examined short- and long-term changes in precipitation event types using instrumental (1940–2018) and tree-ring (1790–2018) data from North Carolina, USA. We documented the amount and frequency of summer (July–September) precipitation events using daily weather station data. Stationary front precipitation (SFP) represented 71% of total summer rainfall and SFP and convective uplift combined (i.e., quasi-stationary precipitation, QSP) represented 87%. SFP (r = 0.52, p < 0.01) and QSP (r = 0.61, p < 0.01) precipitation reconstructions from a montane longleaf pine latewood chronology both recorded significant declines during 1940–2018, matching the instrumental record. Conversely, no significant change in either SFP or QSP occured during the full reconstruction indicating the instrumental decline was unmatched throughout 1790–1939. Our method demonstrates that variations in latewood growth can be attributed to specific precipitation event types and that the relative contribution of each event type can be quantified over a multi-century period.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Changes in southeastern USA summer precipitation event types using instrumental (1940–2018) and tree-ring (1790–2018) data

Mitchell

Knapp

Patterson

2019

Environ. Res. Commun.

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“…shown highest climate/growth relationships with divisional data (Patterson and Knapp, 2018;Mitchell et al, 2019). As SGL straddles the boundary between two climate divisions, we conducted a preliminary correlation analysis and found stronger relationships between radial growth and Climate Division 6 data, and therefore proceeded with Climate Division 6 data.…”

Section: Climate Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We glued each core sample to a wooden mount with cells vertically aligned, then sanded the sample until the cellular structure was clear under magnification. We crossdated the core samples using the list method (Yamaguchi, 1991) in association with a previously developed tree-ring chronology from Uwharrie National Forest, NC (Mitchell et al, 2019). We scanned the core samples at 1,200 dots per inch (DPI) resolution and digitally measured each sample to 0.001 mm precision using WinDENDRO (Regent Instruments, 2011).…”

Section: Chronologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, removal of latewood's dependence on earlywood improves the summer-rainfall signal (Meko and Baisan, 2001;Stahle et al, 2009;Griffin et al, 2011;Zhao et al, 2017). As longleaf pine growth is commonly driven by precipitation, this new ring-width parameter is best suited for our study (Foster and Brooks, 2001;Sayer and Haywood, 2006;Henderson and Grissino-Mayer, 2009;van de Gevel et al, 2009;Patterson et al, 2016;Goode et al, 2019;Mitchell et al, 2019).…”

Section: Chronologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dendroecological investigation of red-cockaded woodpecker cavity tree selection in endangered longleaf pine forests

Kaiser

Soulé

Gevel

et al. 2020

Forest Ecology and Management

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Old-growth longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) is a keystone/foundation species for 29 threatened or endangered species in the Coastal Plain of the southeastern United States. The endangered red-cockaded woodpecker (Dryobates borealis; RCW) and endangered longleaf pine have an established ecological association. Here, we explore differences in climate/growth response and radial growth disturbance events in trees with RCW cavities compared to non-cavity trees in the Sandhills Gameland Reserve in North Carolina, USA. Using standard dendrochronological techniques, we collected and analyzed core samples from trees selected by RCW for their cavities (RCWC) and adjacent control trees (RCWCo) that had no visible cavity. We developed RCWC and RCWCo tree-ring chronologies that allowed us to examine if climate vulnerability is a component of the RCW selection process for their nests. Specifically, we investigated climate/growth responses, radial growth suppressions, and physical characteristics of both tree types through a comparison of tree age, latewood radial growth measurements, and number of resin ducts. For long-term climate response (1910-2018), we found no significant differences between RCWC and RCWCo trees. However, we identified temporal differences in climate/growth relationships between RCWC and RCWCo as well as significant differences in the number of suppression events and spatially-grouped suppression events. For tree physiology, we found more resin ducts during 1950-2018 in RCWC trees. Our dendroecological-based investigation examines multiple factors in addressing the question of why RCWs select specific longleaf pine trees for cavities, which may help improve conservation efforts for RCW and longleaf pine.

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“…Longleaf pine ( Pinus palustris Mill.) latewood growth is significantly correlated with summer rainfall totals (e.g., Henderson and Grissino‐Mayer, 2009; Patterson et al ., 2016; Mitchell et al ., 2019a) with the strongest relationships associated with slow‐moving systems (i.e, stationary fronts, TCs) that produce ‘soaker’ rainfalls (e.g., Knapp et al ., 2016; Mitchell et al ., 2019b). On the coastal plains of North Carolina, TCP can account for 50% of the interannual variance of latewood ring widths (Knapp et al ., 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tropical cyclone precipitation regimes since 1750 and the Great Suppression of 1843–1876 along coastal North Carolina, USA

Knapp

Soulé

Maxwell

et al. 2020

Intl Journal of Climatology

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Latewood ring widths of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) are effective recorders of annual variability of tropical cyclone (TC) precipitation (TCP), accounting for approximately half of the explained variance. Based on a regional chronology comprised of data from five sites in coastal North Carolina, we reconstructed TCP during 1750-2015 to examine temporal variability of multidecadal dry and wet TCP regimes, the synoptic controls that contributed to an exceptionally dry phase in 1843-1876, and the effectiveness of using latewood to identify droughts independent of TCP. We found six phases of alternating dry/wet phases occurred during the 250+ years in the reconstruction (duration range = 17-62 years) and the 1843-1876 period of exceptionally narrow latewood widths and low TCP values (i.e., the Great Suppression) was unique during the past quarter millennium. The Great Suppression coincided with a period of anomalously low pressure (relative mean hPa deviation = −60 DAM) over the eastern USA at 500 hPa heights, which strongly affects the steering of TCs. We found that while each dry phase was characterized by a persistence of these steering lows, including the most recent (2006-2016) period absent of major landfalling TCs in the United States, the Great Suppression was unmatched in intensity. Finally, we determined that variability in longleaf pine latewood widths do not reflect overall soil-moisture conditions, as neither narrow nor wide latewood widths are coincident with variations in non-TC-related precipitation. Rather, latewood growth flushes are associated with ephemeral periods of elevated water tables following high-intensity TC-related rainfall events. K E Y W O R D S dendroclimatology, longleaf pine, North Carolina, tropical cyclones, USA 1 | INTRODUCTION Extreme rainfall totals associated with land-falling tropical cyclones (TCs) in the United States can cause billion-dollar disasters as observed with Hurricanes Harvey (2017, $130), and Florence (2018, $24.2) (NOAA, 2019). Heavy rainfall associated with these events has been attributed to a combination of enhanced atmospheric moisture (i.e., saturation specific humidity), increased abrupt directional deviations, and reduced translation speed as a function of the Earth's

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Comparison of climate–growth responses of montane and piedmont longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) chronologies in North Carolina

Cited by 15 publications

References 29 publications

Changes in southeastern USA summer precipitation event types using instrumental (1940–2018) and tree-ring (1790–2018) data

Changes in southeastern USA summer precipitation event types using instrumental (1940–2018) and tree-ring (1790–2018) data

Dendroecological investigation of red-cockaded woodpecker cavity tree selection in endangered longleaf pine forests

Tropical cyclone precipitation regimes since 1750 and the Great Suppression of 1843–1876 along coastal North Carolina, USA

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