Comparison of chondro-inductivity between collagen and hyaluronic acid hydrogel based on chemical/physical microenvironment

Stem Cell-Laden Hydrogel-Based 3D Bioprinting for Bone and Cartilage Tissue Engineering

“…In addition to the mechanical properties, inducing chondrogenesis and osteogenesis has been another challenge in this area. Various studies reported the impact of physical–chemical cues to hydrogel materials on differentiation ( Yang et al, 2021 ), while the effect of 3D scaffold microstructure on stem cell differentiation remains to be seen. Yang et al designed two BM-MSC-laden collagen hydrogels and named them fibrous network and porous network, respectively, according to the microstructure of collagen, and the fibrous network induced more chondrogenic differentiation of the encapsulated BM-MSCs, revealing that the microstructure of the hydrogel may be a pivotal feature for BM-MSC chondrogenic differentiation ( Yang et al, 2019 ).…”

A sonication-induced silk-collagen hydrogel for functional cartilage regeneration

“…67,68 Collagen hydrogel is considered as one of the most promising matrix materials for cartilage induction. 69 However, collagen exhibits poor mechanical properties and fast degradation, which seriously limits further clinical application, and the flat surface of collagen gel hinders cell migration. An ideal scaffold for articular cartilage reconstruction should have excellent biocompatibility, sufficient mechanical strength, and degradation rate of scaffolds matching the rate of tissue regeneration.…”

Designing functional hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels for cartilage tissue engineering

“… Hydrogels Components Physicochemical properties Biofunctions Ref. Methacrylated HA (HA-MA) HA; methacrylic anhydride (MA) Viscoelasticity; controlled pore size and degradation rate Encapsulating cells; promoting MSCs proliferation, migration and chondrogenesis; promoting ECM deposition [ [30] , [31] , [32] , [33] , [34] , [35] ] HA-MA/MeLAHA HA, MA, MeLAHA Hydrolytic degradation and enzymatic degradation Promoting MSCs chondrogenesis and ECM deposition; ensuring stability of hydrogel scaffold [ 36 , 37 ] HA-MA/MMP7 HA, MA, matrix metalloproteinase 7 Tunable mechanical properties, swelling performance and degradation rates Promoting MSCs chondrogenesis [ 38 , 39 ] HA-MA/Gel-MA HA, MA, gelatin, Improving the mechanical properties Enhancing cell proliferation, aggregation and chondrogenesis; maintaining the chondrocyte phenotype; enhancing deposition and distribution of ECM; accelerating cartilage repair [ [40] , [41] , [42] , [43] , [44] ] HA-MA/Gel-MA/BC HA, MA, gelatin, bacterial cellulose Improving the mechanical properties and printing fidelity Facilitating chondrocyte proliferation and protein expression [ 45 ] HA-MA/Gel-MA/AFnSi HA, MA, gelatin, acrylate-functionalized nanosilica Controllable pore sizes, swelling ratios and mechanical properties Promoting the chondrogenic gene expression and ECM deposition [ 46 ] HA-MA/CNF HA, MA, methacrylated cellulose nanofibers Enhanced mechanical properties; decent restorability Enhancing BMSCs proliferation and chondrogenesis; accelerating full-thickness cartilage repair [ 48 ...…”

“…Notably, an in situ photocrosslinkable methacrylate HA-based hydrogel with good viscoelasticity was prepared using esterification between the hydroxyl group of HA and the anhydride group of MA, which not only facilitated the encapsulation of cells but also reduced the mechanical stimulation of surrounding tissues [ 30 ]. The pore size, HA concentration, crosslinking density, and degradation rate of HA-MA-based hydrogels impact their application in cartilage tissue engineering [ [31] , [32] , [33] , [34] , [35] ]. Particularly, compared with other pore sizes, HA-MA-based hydrogels with medium pore sizes (200–250 ​μm) demonstrated the best promotion of endothelial cell proliferation and migration and exhibited the best vascularization behavior for cartilage repair [ 31 ].…”