Comparison of Bone Regeneration between Porcine-Derived and Bovine-Derived Xenografts in Rat Calvarial Defects: A Non-Inferiority Study

Abstract

The present study aimed to compare the bone-regeneration capacity of porcine-derived xenografts to bovine-derived xenografts in the rat calvarial defect model. The observation of surface morphology and in vitro cell studies were conducted prior to the animal study. Defects with a diameter of 8 mm were created in calvaria of 20 rats. The rats were randomly treated with porcine-derived (Bone-XP group) or bovine-derived xenografts (Bio-Oss group) and sacrificed at 4 and 8 weeks after surgery. The new bone regeneration was evaluated by micro-computed tomography (μCT) and histomorphometric analyses. In the cell study, the extracts of Bone-XP and Bio-Oss showed a positive effect on the regulation of osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) without cytotoxicity. The new bone volume of Bone-XP (17.52 ± 3.78% at 4 weeks and 32.09 ± 3.51% at 8 weeks) was similar to that of Bio-Oss (11.6 ± 3.88% at 4 weeks and 25.89 ± 7.43% at 8 weeks) (p > 0.05). In the results of new bone area, there was no significant difference between Bone-XP (9.08 ± 5.47% at 4 weeks and 25.22 ± 13.56% at 8 weeks) and Bio-Oss groups (5.83 ± 2.56% at 4 weeks and 21.68 ± 11.11% at 8 weeks) (p > 0.05). It can be concluded that the porcine-derived bone substitute may offer a favorable cell response and bone regeneration similar to those of commercial bovine bone mineral.

Photobiomodulation Therapy Associated with Heterologous Fibrin Biopolymer and Bovine Bone Matrix Helps to Reconstruct Long Bones

“…The distribution of animals in their respective groups in the present study, as well as the number of specimens (n), was based on the principle of the 3 R's, in which there is a commitment by the world scientific community to follow the Russell-Burch Principles (1959) "reduction, replacement and refinement" in the use of animals that, increasingly, remain active in scientific and academic circles. Therefore, it was decided to not perform groups with defects filled only by clot, autogenous bone [3,17] or Bio-Oss ® [5,7,28,45], widely previously published in the literature, including the same methodology used in the present experiment and also from the same research group [39,[46][47][48], focusing on only in the originality and aims of the research.…”

“…Biomaterials used as bone substitutes must be biocompatible, biodegradable and also form a scaffold for osteoconductivity, in addition to having porosity similar to the natural bone of the recipient bed and allowing the growth of osteoinductivity factors. Among the products available commercially in dentistry and orthopedic medicine, Geistlich Bio-Oss ® is noteworthy due to the several published scientific works and wide use in the world [4,5].…”

Comparison of Clinical Parameters in Dental Implant Therapy between Implant Site Development Using Porcine- and Bovine-Derived Xenografts

“…When applied to rat calvarial defects, porcine-and bovine-derived xenografts have had similar effects in terms of new bone volume and area [12]. In a canine model, however, significantly more new bone formation and better bone bridging have been observed for porcine than bovine bone [13].…”

Evaluation of 1-Ethyl-3-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl) Carbodiimide Cross-Linked Collagen Membranes for Guided Bone Regeneration in Beagle Dogs

“…Although several studies have reported that chemical cross-linking methods can trigger foreign body response due to chemical agent residues [ 33 , 37 ], EDC tends to lower cytotoxicity, because it does not remain as part of the linkage, and is converted to water-soluble urea derivatives that are relatively noncytotoxic [ 31 , 38 , 39 , 40 ]. In a previous study in which two different bone grafts were implanted into rat calvarial defects with EDC-cross-linked collagen membrane, animals showed excellent bone regeneration, no inflammatory reaction, and no membrane collapse [ 41 ].…”

“…Although several studies have examined the bone-regenerative effects of EDC-cross-linked membranes, most were laboratory or small animal studies [ 33 , 37 , 41 ]. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the physiochemical properties of EDC-cross-linked collagen membranes and to evaluate their effects on GBR in a canine implant defect model.…”