Comparison of Bluetongue Type 20 with Certain Viruses of the Bluetongue and Eubenangee Serological Groups of Orbiviruses

Mixed Infection of Culicoides variipennis with Bluetongue Virus Serotypes 10 and 17: Evidence for High Frequency Reassortment in the Vector

“…The genome of BTV consists of 10 segments of double-stranded (ds) RNA (Verwoerd et al, 1970) that can be separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis into distinct electrophoretic patterns or electropherotypes. Polymorphic electropherotypes have been reported for different BTV serotypes (Gorman et al, 1981;Huismans & Bremer, 1981 ;Knudson et al, 1982) and for different strains within a single BTV serotype (Knudson et al, 1982;Squire et al, 1983). These polymorphisms have provided useful biochemical markers for the analysis of genetic reassortment in crosses in vitro of BTV (Gorman et al, 1978;Kahlon et al, 1983;Samal, 1985).…”

The Coexistence of Multiple Bluetongue Virus Electropherotypes in Individual Cattle during Natural Infection

“…The virus is the prototype orbivirus in the family Reoviridae and contains a genome consisting of 10 segments of double-stranded RNA (Verwoerd et al, 1970). The RNA segments can be separated by PAGE into distinct electrophoretic patterns or electropherotypes with large (segments 1 to 3), medium (segments 4 to 6) and small genome segments (segments 7 to 10) (Martin & Zweerink, 1972;Verwoerd & Huismans, 1972;Huismans & Bremer, 1981 ;Gorman et al, 1981Gorman et al, , 1983Sugiyama et al, 1982;Squire et al, 1983a).…”

“…Heterogeneity of genome segments separated by PAGE is common in orbiviruses and in some other Reoviridae (Shatkin et al, 1968;Ramig et al, 1977;Gorman, 1979;Gorman et al, 1977Gorman et al, , 1981Gorman et al, , 1983Hrdy et al, 1979;Walker et al, 1980;Huismans & Bremer, 1981 ;Lourenco et al, 1981 ;Knudson et al, 1982;Sabara et al, 1982;Schroeder et al, 1982;Clarke & McCrae, 1982;Beards, 1982;Gouvea & Schnitzer, 1982;Squire et al, 1983b;Bohl et al, 1984). The effects of this genetic diversity on protein composition, antigenicity and virulence are not known.…”

“…Migration distances of individual genome segments in polyacrylamide gels are determined by molecular weight and possible structural features (Espejo & Puerto, 1984); however, similar migration distances of individual segments from two related viruses do not necessarily indicate a similar genetic or antigenic coding potential (Gorman et al, 1981(Gorman et al, , 1983Sugiyama et al, 1982;Squire et al, 1983 b). Due to the variability of genome segment migration, classification of BTV by PAGE is not possible (Gorman, 1979;Gorman et al, 1981 ;Sugiyama et al, 1981 ;Knudson et al, 1982;Squire et al, 1983b).…”

“…Due to the variability of genome segment migration, classification of BTV by PAGE is not possible (Gorman, 1979;Gorman et al, 1981 ;Sugiyama et al, 1981 ;Knudson et al, 1982;Squire et al, 1983b). …”