Comparison of antibacterial activity of alexidine alone or as a final irrigant with sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine

Abstract

Aims:To compare the antibacterial activity of alexidine (ALX) alone or as a final irrigant in combination with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), with the most common canal irrigants, NaOCl and chlorhexidine (CHX).Materials and methods:Ninety-four root fragments from extracted human teeth were infected with Enterococcus faecalis for 24 h and then distributed into 4 groups of 20 fragments each. The NaOCl, CHX and ALX groups were immersed in 1 ml of 2.5% NaOCl, 2% CHX, and 1% ALX for 10 min, respectively. The samples of the NaOCl+ALX group were immersed in 1 ml of 2.5% NaOCl for 10 min followed by 1% ALX for 10 min. Bacteriological samples were taken, cultured, and the colony-forming units were counted.Results:There was no significant differences among the experimental groups (P>0.05) except for the comparisons CHX versus ALX and NaOCl+ALX versus ALX (P=0.004). ALX alone was the worst irrigant. CHX and NaOCl+ALX eradicated all bacteria. All experimental groups were significantly more effective than the control group immersed in saline (P<0.05).Conclusions:The antibacterial effect of ALX alone was inferior to 2% CHX and 2.5% NaOCl. However, the combination of NaOCl with ALX as a final irrigant eradicated the biofilms.

Optimization of a real-time high-throughput assay for assessment of Streptococcus mutans metabolism and screening of antibacterial dental adhesives

“…Since CHX is a strong antibacterial agent against single-species biofilms in in vitro experiments, no discernible metabolic changes could be observed among the conditions tested. These results are in agreement with numerous publications demonstrating the utility of CHX as a powerful and broad-spectrum antibacterial agent in dentistry [ 30 – 33 ]. The present study has demonstrated the optimization of a real-time bioluminescence assay into a high-throughput assay that is capable of indirectly quantifying the viability of intact S. mutans biofilms by assessing their metabolic status.…”

Disinfectants Used in Stomatology and SARS-CoV-2 Infection

“…Alexidine is used as a disinfectant in contact lens solutions and as an antiseptic in mouthwash. 76 Polyhexanide (polyhexamethylene biguanide) is a polymer used as a disinfectant and antiseptic. Polymeric biguanides are stable in acidic and neutral environments and in a weakly alkaline environment, but precipitate at pH 11.…”

Allium sativum extract as an irrigant in pulpectomy of primary molars: A 12‐month short‐term evaluation

“…Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is a frequently used root canal irrigant used by dentists (Hulsmann & Hahn, ). Although NaOCl is capable of dissolving tissues and has potent antibacterial effect (Dube & Jain, ; da Silva, Alves, Lutterbach, Paiva, & Ferreira, ; Rocas & Siqueira, ), it has several demerits including cytotoxic effect, especially when introduced into the periapical region (Fouad, ; Hulsmann & Hahn, ; Kumar et al, ), accidental injuries to the eyes, skin, and mucous membrane (Serper, Ozbek, & Calt, ; Singh, ) and allergic reaction is also reported (Baser Can, Karapinar Kazandag, & Kaptan, ). Also, it can damage permanent tooth follicles, peripheral tissues, and oral mucosa (Nara, Dhanu, & Anandakrishna, ).…”

“…Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is a frequently used root canal irrigant used by dentists (Hulsmann & Hahn, 2000). Although NaOCl is capable of dissolving tissues and has potent antibacterial effect (Dube & Jain, 2018;da Silva, Alves, Lutterbach, Paiva, & Ferreira, 2018;Rocas & Siqueira, 2011), it has several demerits including…”