Comparison of Anorectic Potencies of Type A Trichothecenes T-2 Toxin, HT-2 Toxin, Diacetoxyscirpenol, and Neosolaniol

Abstract

Trichothecene mycotoxins are common contaminants in cereal grains and negatively impact human and animal health. Although anorexia is a common hallmark of type B trichothecenes-induced toxicity, less is known about the anorectic potencies of type A trichothecenes. The purpose of this study was to compare the anorectic potencies of four type A trichothecenes (T-2 toxin (T-2), HT-2 toxin (HT-2), diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), and neosolaniol (NEO)) in mice. Following oral exposure to T-2, HT-2, DAS, and NEO, the no observed adverse effect levels (NOAELs) and lowest observed adverse effect levels (LOAELs) were 0.01, 0.01, 0.1, and 0.01 mg/kg body weight (BW), and 0.1, 0.1, 0.5, and 0.1 mg/kg BW, respectively. Following intraperitoneal (IP) exposure to T-2, HT-2, DAS, and NEO, the NOAELs were 0.01 mg/kg BW, except for DAS (less than 0.01 mg/kg BW), and the LOAELs were 0.1, 0.1, 0.01, and 0.1 mg/kg BW, respectively. Taken together, the results suggest that (1) type A trichothecenes could dose-dependently elicit anorectic responses following both oral gavage and IP exposure in mice; (2) the anorectic responses follow an approximate rank order of T-2 = HT-2 = NEO > DAS for oral exposure, and DAS > T-2 = HT-2 = NEO for IP administration; (3) IP exposure to T-2, HT-2, DAS, and NEO evoked stronger anorectic effects than oral exposure. From a public health perspective, comparative anorectic potency data should be useful for establishing toxic equivalency factors for type A trichothecenes.

Low Doses of Mycotoxin Mixtures below EU Regulatory Limits Can Negatively Affect the Performance of Broiler Chickens: A Longitudinal Study

“…A reduction in feed efficiency of chicken with an altered intestinal structure and function was recently reported in broilers fed fusarium-contaminated diet [43]. Furthermore, mycotoxins have been shown to induce gut satiety hormones including cholecystokinin and glucagon-like peptide-17-36 amide, resulting in anorectic response and reduced feed efficiency [48][49][50].…”

In Silico and In Vitro Studies of Mycotoxins and Their Cocktails; Their Toxicity and Its Mitigation by Silibinin Pre-Treatment

“…Depending on their functional groups, trichothecenes have been divided into Groups A-D [3]. T-2 toxin (T-2), HT-2 toxin (HT-2), and diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS) are the main representatives of the Type A subgroup [4,5]. Deoxynivalenol (DON), also known as vomitoxin, is the most prevalent mycotoxin of the Type B trichothecenes [6].…”

Type A Trichothecene Diacetoxyscirpenol-Induced Emesis Corresponds to Secretion of Peptide YY and Serotonin in Mink

“…DAS was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MI, USA) and tested by high performance liquid chromatography with a purity of more than 98%, as previously mentioned [3]. PYY, receptor inhibitors JNJ-31020028 and granisetron were obtained and prepared as previously mentioned [26].…”

“…Due to the changes of climate and agricultural work in the world, the incidence rate of Fusarium head blight rises and leads to the elevation of trichothecene mycotoxins contamination [2]. This group of mycotoxins has long been linked with public health concern and elicits many adverse effects, such as emesis, nausea, anorexic effect, abdominal pain, growth suppression, diarrhea, hemorrhage, sicchasia and immunotoxicity [3]. In particular, the emetic potencies of trichothecenes are of particular concern from a public health perspective [4].…”