Low Doses of Mycotoxin Mixtures below EU Regulatory Limits Can Negatively Affect the Performance of Broiler Chickens: A Longitudinal Study

Kolawole, Oluwatobi; Graham, A.; Donaldson, Caroline Julie; Owens, B.; Abia, Wilfred A.; Meneely, Julie; Alcorn, M.; Connolly, Lisa; Elliott, Chris

doi:10.3390/toxins12070433

Cited by 32 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Recently, we showed that broiler chickens fed a corn-based diet (low in NSP) contaminated with ~3500 ppb DON and ~50 ppb of its derivatives 3+15 Ac-DON presented an impaired FCR, indicating that intestinal viscosity is not crucial to observe the negative impact of DON on performance [ 21 ]. Likewise, a longitudinal study also showed that mixtures of mycotoxins below EU recommendation levels impair the performance of broiler chickens [ 22 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impaired Performance of Broiler Chickens Fed Diets Naturally Contaminated with Moderate Levels of Deoxynivalenol

Santos

Eerden

2021

Toxins

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Mycotoxin exposure is common in the poultry industry. Deoxynivalenol (DON) is usually detected at levels below the maximum threshold (5000 ppb), but depending on diet and age, broiler performance can be affected. We evaluated the effects of 900 ppb and 2300 ppb DON on the performance, intestinal morphometry, and lesion scores of broiler chickens. One-day-old male Ross broilers (n = 736) were divided into 4 treatments with 8 replicates each, and a pen containing 23 birds was the experimental unit. The animals were fed diets naturally contaminated with two levels of DON: 900 (Low DON—LD) or 2300 (Moderate DON—MD) ppb, with or without activated charcoal, over 28 days. After this, all birds were fed a marginally DON-contaminated diet without charcoal. During the first 28 days, body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were significantly impaired when broilers were fed a MD diet without activated charcoal. Even after feeding a marginally contaminated diet from D28–35, birds previously fed the MD diet presented a significantly lower performance. The villus height:crypt depth (VH:CD) ratio was significantly higher in the ileum from 14-day-old broilers fed the MD when compared with the LD diet. At D28, the MD diet caused decreased villus height (VH) and increased crypt depth (CD), affecting VH:CD ratio in both intestinal segments, with higher levels in the jejunum from 28-day-old broilers fed a non-supplemented LD diet. Broiler production was negatively affected by DON, even at moderate levels (2300 ppb).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impaired Performance of Broiler Chickens Fed Diets Naturally Contaminated with Moderate Levels of Deoxynivalenol

Santos

Eerden

2021

Toxins

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“…The negative effects of the mycotoxins on performance were mainly found in the grower period (13-28d), where an increased FI was observed in broilers fed the moderate and high DON diets, with an impaired FCR in broilers fed the high DON diet. Usually, it is expected that DON will decrease FI, as reported in broilers fed high DON levels in the diets (>5,000 μg/kg) ( Lucke et al., 2017 ; Kolawole et al., 2020 ). It was noteworthy that in a study from Dietrich et al.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…In a longitudinal study, Kolawole et al. (2020) showed that more than 50% of diets used to feed broilers contain the DON derivates 3-Acetyl-DON (3-Ac-DON) and DON-3-glucoside (DON-3-G), at mean concentrations of 42.1 and 46.5 μg/kg, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of different dietary levels of corn naturally contaminated with DON and its derivatives 3+15 Ac-DON and DON-3-glucoside on the performance of broilers

Santos

Molist

2020

Heliyon

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In the field of mycotoxin research, there is an increasing requirement to understand the effect of these toxins at realistic contamination levels, and as mixtures, on animal health and performance. Although there are recommendations of maximum levels of some mycotoxins in feed, it is known from practice that concentrations below the maximum recommended levels already negatively affect livestock production. In the present study, we exposed broilers to three different levels of naturally contaminated diets containing deoxynivalenol (DON) and its derivates 3 + 15 Acetyl-DON (3 + 15 Ac-DON) and DON-3-glucoside (DON-3-G) to evaluate their effect on birds performance. 630 day-old Ross 308 broilers were housed in 30 pens (21 birds per pen) and fed diets containing increasing levels of DON (Low: 1,650–1,890 μg/kg; Moderate: 2,500–2,880 μg/kg DON; and High: 3,220–3,900 μg/kg), 3 + 15 Acetyl-DON (Low: 25.6–39.4 μg/kg; Moderate: 42.3–49.1 μg/kg; and High: 58.4–71.1 μg/kg), and DON-3-G (Low: 356–362 μg/kg; Moderate: 405–637 μg/kg; and High: 625–787 μg/kg). Each diet had 10 replicate pens. During the grower period (D13-28) broilers fed diets containing moderate and high contamination levels presented a significantly increased feed intake but accompanied by significant impairment in FCR when the broilers were fed the highest contamination level. Based on this, it can be concluded that broiler production is affected when feed is contaminated with a mixture of DON and its derivates, even at levels below the EU maximum recommendation of 5,000 μg/kg. Furthermore, extra attention should be given to multi-mycotoxins contamination in diets for broilers up to 28 days old.

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“…Cyclodepsipeptides were identified mainly in cereal food, with very high levels of ENN A 1 and B 1 in breakfast cereals from Morocco (668 and 795 µg/g, respectively) [99]. In feed samples, ENNs and BEA levels were very low and did not exceed 0.48 µg/g for BEA (poultry feed) and 2.19 µg/g for ENNs (poultry feed) [101]. "ND"-not detected; "NA"-not analyzed.…”

Section: Fusarium Species and Cyclodepsipeptide Mycotoxins In Food Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The data show very high variability of investigated cyclodepsipeptides and it can be concluded that each strain of Fusarium species possesses a unique ability to biosynthesize these compounds. In addition to crops, cyclodepsipeptides are also found in food and feed [98][99][100][101][102][103]. Cyclodepsipeptides were identified mainly in cereal food, with very high levels of ENN A 1 and B 1 in breakfast cereals from Morocco (668 and 795 µg/g, respectively) [99].…”

Section: Fusarium Species and Cyclodepsipeptide Mycotoxins In Food Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fusarium Cyclodepsipeptide Mycotoxins: Chemistry, Biosynthesis, and Occurrence

Urbaniak

Waśkiewicz

Stępień

2020

Toxins

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Most of the fungi from the Fusarium genus are pathogenic to cereals, vegetables, and fruits and the products of their secondary metabolism mycotoxins may accumulate in foods and feeds. Non-ribosomal cyclodepsipeptides are one of the main mycotoxin groups and include beauvericins (BEAs), enniatins (ENNs), and beauvenniatins (BEAEs). When ingested, even small amounts of these metabolites significantly affect human and animal health. On the other hand, in view of their antimicrobial activities and cytotoxicity, they may be used as components in drug discovery and processing and are considered as suitable candidates for anti-cancer drugs. Therefore, it is crucial to expand the existing knowledge about cyclodepsipeptides and to search for new analogues of these compounds. The present manuscript aimed to highlight the extensive variability of cyclodepsipeptides by describing chemistry, biosynthesis, and occurrence of BEAs, ENNs, and BEAEs in foods and feeds. Moreover, the co-occurrence of Fusarium species was compared to the amounts of toxins in crops, vegetables, and fruits from different regions of the world.

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Low Doses of Mycotoxin Mixtures below EU Regulatory Limits Can Negatively Affect the Performance of Broiler Chickens: A Longitudinal Study

Cited by 32 publications

References 63 publications

Impaired Performance of Broiler Chickens Fed Diets Naturally Contaminated with Moderate Levels of Deoxynivalenol

Impaired Performance of Broiler Chickens Fed Diets Naturally Contaminated with Moderate Levels of Deoxynivalenol

Effect of different dietary levels of corn naturally contaminated with DON and its derivatives 3+15 Ac-DON and DON-3-glucoside on the performance of broilers

Fusarium Cyclodepsipeptide Mycotoxins: Chemistry, Biosynthesis, and Occurrence

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