Comparison of 3H- and 125I-Radioimmunoassay and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry for the Determination of  9-Tetrahydrocannabinol and Cannabinoids in Blood and Serum

Hanson, V W; Buonarati, Michael H.; Baselt, Randall C.; Wade, Norman A.; Yep, C; Biasotti, Alfred A.; Reeve, V C; Wong, A S; Orbanowsky, M W

doi:10.1093/jat/7.2.96

Cited by 40 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…It is well-established that plasma THC concentrations begin to decline prior to the time of peak effects, although it has been shown that THC effects appear rapidly after initiation of smoking [15]. Individual drug concentrations and ratios of cannabinoid metabolite to parent drug concentration have been suggested as potentially useful indicators of recent drug use [24] [137]. Some 45 min after cannabis smoking, the ratio [THC-COOH]/[THC] in the plasma was reported to be >1 [77].…”

Section: Prediction Models For Estimation Of Cannabismentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Cannabinoid Pharmacokinetics

Huestis

2007

Chemistry & Biodiversity

899

775

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Section: Prediction Models For Estimation Of Cannabismentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Cannabinoid Pharmacokinetics

Huestis

2007

Chemistry & Biodiversity

899

775

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“…11,57,58 Generally these attempts have not been successful in predicting the time of exposure with reasonable accuracy. Huestis et al 59 reported on 2 mathematical models that are useful to predict the time of cannabis use.…”

Section: Time Course and Interpretation Of Cannabinoid Plasma Concentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Biologic Matrices (Urine, Blood, Hair) as Indicators of Recent or Ongoing Cannabis Use

Mußhoff¹,

Madea²

2006

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring

216

151

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Especially for cannabinoids, analytical procedures for the verification of recent use and generally for the assessment of the extent of drug abuse are of interest in clinical and forensic toxicology. For confirmation of abstinence, urine analysis seems to be a useful tool. Serial monitoring of THC-COOH to creatinine ratios can differentiate between recent drug use and residual THC-COOH excretion (THC-COOH/creatinine ratio Z0.5 compared with previous specimen ratio). For an assessment of the extent of cannabis use, the determination of free and bound THC-COOH and especially of THC and 11-OH-THC glucuronides are suggested as useful but need further confirmation. Blood analysis is preferred for the interpretation of acute effects after cannabis abuse. The cannabis influence factor (CIF) was demonstrated as a better tool to interpret the concentrations of THC and its metabolites in blood in forensic cases and therefore it was proposed to assume absolute driving inability because of cannabis intoxication from a CIF Z10. Additionally, a higher CIF is indicative of a recent cannabis abuse. Also discrimination between occasional use of cannabis and regular drug consumption is possible by analysis of THC-COOH in blood samples because of the long plasma half-life of THC-COOH and its accumulation in the blood of frequent cannabis consumers. In routine tests, blood samples have to be taken within a prescribed 8-day-period, and a THC-COOH concentration >75 ng/mL is assumed to be associated with regular consumption of cannabis products, whereas plasma THC-COOH concentrations <5 ng/mL are associated with occasional consumption. In contrast to other illicit drugs, hair analysis lacks the sensitivity to act as a detector for cannabinoids. THC and especially the main metabolite THC-COOH have a very low incorporation rate into hair and THC is not highly bound to melanin, resulting in much lower concentrations in hair compared with other drugs. Additionally, THC is present in cannabis smoke and also can be incorporated into the hair only by contamination. For the determination of the main metabolite THC-COOH in the picogram or femtogram per milligram range, which indicates an active consumption, special analytical procedures, such as GC/MS/MS techniques, are required.

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“…After daily administration of 10 -15 mg of Marinol , Brenneisen et al found peak plasma concentrations of THC and THC-COOH of 2.1 -16.9 ng/ml within 1 -8 h, and of 74.5 -244 ng/ml within 2 -8 h, respectively [42]. Individual drug concentrations and ratios of cannabinoid metabolite to parent drug concentration have been suggested as potentially useful indicators of recent drug use [24] [137]. Peak concentrations and time-to-peak concentrations varied sometimes considerably between subjects.…”

Section: Interpretation Of Cannabinoid Concentrations In Biological Fmentioning

confidence: 99%