Abstract:In this paper two alternative solar methods are evaluated for the methane generating system using the municipal solid waste, MSW in urban zones. The analytic method evaluates the use of flat solar collector; in one case they are remaining fixed and the other case they have a solar tracking system. The analytic results shown that the needs of conventional energy to the generation biogas system were minors using the solar tracking system.
“…This feature makes them good heating sources for various applications [74][75][76]. Although solar tracking would generate more thermal energy from the sun as compared to a fixed system [77], if moving parts are used, the operational and maintenance costs for small-scale biogas-electricity generation systems will increase. To enhance actual implementation, the digester should be designed in such a way to minimise the heat transfer area and total costs [78].…”
Small-scale electrical power generation (<100 kW) from biogas plants to provide off-grid electricity is of growing interest. Currently, gas engines are used to meet this demand. Alternatively, more efficient small-scale solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) can be used to enhance electricity generation from small-scale biogas plants. Most electricity generators require a constant gas supply and high gas quality in terms of absence of impurities like H2S. Therefore, to efficiently use the biogas from existing decentralized anaerobic digesters for electricity production, higher quality and stable biogas flow must be guaranteed. The installation of a biogas upgrading and buffer system could be considered; however, the cost implication could be high at a small scale as compared to locally available alternatives such as co-digestion and improved digester operation. Therefore, this study initially describes relevant literature related to feedstock pre-treatment, co-digestion and user operational practices of small-scale digesters, which theoretically could lead to major improvements of anaerobic digestion process efficiency. The theoretical preamble is then coupled to the results of a field study, which demonstrated that many locally available resources and user practices constitute frugal innovations with potential to improve biogas quality and digester performance in off-grid settings.
“…This feature makes them good heating sources for various applications [74][75][76]. Although solar tracking would generate more thermal energy from the sun as compared to a fixed system [77], if moving parts are used, the operational and maintenance costs for small-scale biogas-electricity generation systems will increase. To enhance actual implementation, the digester should be designed in such a way to minimise the heat transfer area and total costs [78].…”
Small-scale electrical power generation (<100 kW) from biogas plants to provide off-grid electricity is of growing interest. Currently, gas engines are used to meet this demand. Alternatively, more efficient small-scale solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) can be used to enhance electricity generation from small-scale biogas plants. Most electricity generators require a constant gas supply and high gas quality in terms of absence of impurities like H2S. Therefore, to efficiently use the biogas from existing decentralized anaerobic digesters for electricity production, higher quality and stable biogas flow must be guaranteed. The installation of a biogas upgrading and buffer system could be considered; however, the cost implication could be high at a small scale as compared to locally available alternatives such as co-digestion and improved digester operation. Therefore, this study initially describes relevant literature related to feedstock pre-treatment, co-digestion and user operational practices of small-scale digesters, which theoretically could lead to major improvements of anaerobic digestion process efficiency. The theoretical preamble is then coupled to the results of a field study, which demonstrated that many locally available resources and user practices constitute frugal innovations with potential to improve biogas quality and digester performance in off-grid settings.
“…5 In addition, its potential for the generation of electricity and heat varies depending on the amount of waste digested, although high potentials between 300 000–400 000 MW h per year can be obtained with an average input of 1000–2000 tons per day in a digester. 6…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…5 In addition, its potential for the generation of electricity and heat varies depending on the amount of waste digested, although high potentials between 300 000-400 000 MW h per year can be obtained with an average input of 1000-2000 tons per day in a digester. 6 When biogas is properly puried, its methane percentage increases to concentrations of more than 90% in most cases, resulting in the gas known as biomethane. This renewable gas can be used as an alternative fuel for vehicles, replacing other more polluting fuels such as diesel and petrol, and it can also be injected into the natural gas network to supply energy to industries and households.…”
In recent years, Europe has tightened legislation to combat climate change. Among the new targets proposed by the different legal instruments, such as the European Green Deal, the Directives RED...
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