Current state of biogas and biomethane production and its implications for Spain

Calero, M.; Godoy, V.; Heras, C. García; Lozano, E.; Arjandas, S.; Martín-Lara, M. A.

doi:10.1039/d3se00419h

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Finally, it should be pointed out that CO 2 captured at biogas plants can be used for various industrial applications, such as the syntheses of (I) polymers, (II) urea, (III) methanol and (IV) salicylic acid [118][119][120]. Furthermore, recent studies on this topic [37,[121][122][123] concluded that CO 2 captured from biogas, in combination with H 2 , can be applied for obtaining an additional CH 4 stream (hydrogenation process), according to the Sabatier reaction:…”

Section: H2smentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, it allows to obtain biomethane with properties and a composition similar to those of natural gas [34] and meet the quality standards of natural gas grids [35]. It has been widely reported that effectively upgraded biogas, referred to as biomethane, should contain more than 95-97% CH 4 [14,[36][37][38][39][40][41]. Noteworthily, according to data presented in the International Energy Agency report [42], currently, 90% of biomethane produced worldwide is obtained by upgrading processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biogas Upgrading Using a Single-Membrane System: A Review

Tomczak,

Gryta,

Daniluk

et al. 2024

Membranes

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In recent years, the use of biogas as a natural gas substitute has gained great attention. Typically, in addition to methane (CH4), biogas contains carbon dioxide (CO2), as well as small amounts of impurities, e.g., hydrogen sulfide (H2S), nitrogen (N2), oxygen (O2) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). One of the latest trends in biogas purification is the application of membrane processes. However, literature reports are ambiguous regarding the specific requirement for biogas pretreatment prior to its upgrading using membranes. Therefore, the main aim of the present study was to comprehensively examine and discuss the most recent achievements in the use of single-membrane separation units for biogas upgrading. Performing a literature review allowed to indicate that, in recent years, considerable progress has been made on the use of polymeric membranes for this purpose. For instance, it has been documented that the application of thin-film composite (TFC) membranes with a swollen polyamide (PA) layer ensures the successful upgrading of raw biogas and eliminates the need for its pretreatment. The importance of the performed literature review is the inference drawn that biogas enrichment performed in a single step allows to obtain upgraded biogas that could be employed for household uses. Nevertheless, this solution may not be sufficient for obtaining high-purity gas at high recovery efficiency. Hence, in order to obtain biogas that could be used for applications designed for natural gas, a membrane cascade may be required. Moreover, it has been documented that a significant number of experimental studies have been focused on the upgrading of synthetic biogas; meanwhile, the data on the raw biogas are very limited. In addition, it has been noted that, although ceramic membranes demonstrate several advantages, experimental studies on their applications in single-membrane systems have been neglected. Summarizing the literature data, it can be concluded that, in order to thoroughly evaluate the presented issue, the long-term experimental studies on the upgrading of raw biogas with the use of polymeric and ceramic membranes in pilot-scale systems are required. The presented literature review has practical implications as it would be beneficial in supporting the development of membrane processes used for biogas upgrading.

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Section: H2smentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogas Upgrading Using a Single-Membrane System: A Review

Tomczak,

Gryta,

Daniluk

et al. 2024

Membranes

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“…When processing biomass of plant origin into biogas, the components that make up fiber (structural carbohydrates and lignin) reduce the value of the raw material intended for biogas. Production of biomethane from organic waste and use for motor vehicle fuel is considered a priority area of bioenergy in the European Union [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Processing of Agricultural Residues with a High Concentration of Structural Carbohydrates into Biogas Using Selective Biological Products

Venslauskas,

Navickas,

Rubežius

et al. 2024

Sustainability

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Biomass, particularly agricultural residues and biomass rich in structural carbohydrates, offers significant potential for sustainable biogas production. Biological pretreatment using microorganisms, particularly Trichoderma species, is discussed as a cost-effective and environmentally sustainable approach to improving the decomposition of structural carbohydrates into fermentable sugars. This study aimed to assess the impact of employing a selective biological product (BP) on the biogas production process and biomethane potential using winter wheat straw (WWS) as a representative feedstock. The biological product, consisting of microorganisms of the Trichoderma spp. genus, was introduced to enhance microbial activity. The biogas potential results showed that WWS treated with the BP exhibited a remarkable improvement in biogas production. Specifically, biogas yield increased from 364.1 L/kg of mass in untreated straw to 439.9 L/kg in BP-treated straw, representing a substantial 20.8% increase. Furthermore, in continuous loading tests, the steady-state biogas yield from BP-treated straw ranged from 553.6 to 582.0 L/kg VS, which was notably higher compared to untreated straw with a yield of 490.0 L/kg VS. Overall, the results of this study demonstrated that the application of selective biological products significantly enhanced biogas production and biomethane potential from structural carbohydrates containing biomass sources.

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The Magic of Spiro‐Epoxy Moiety: An Easy Way to Improve CO₂‐Separation Performance of Polymer Membrane

Wozniak,

Bermesheva,

Petukhov

et al. 2024

Adv Funct Materials

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The development of polymers with high separation characteristics for the efficient removal of carbon dioxide from bio‐/natural gases is the key to reducing the environmental impact of CO2. In this work, preparation and gas‐separation properties of novel vinyl‐addition polynorbornenes containing oxirane‐moieties at spiro centers, which combine high CO2‐permeability with remarkable selectivities for separation of CO2 from its mixtures with nitrogen and methane are published. Gas permeability data of the epoxidized polymer based on 5‐ethylidene‐2‐norbornene exceed the Robeson upper bound of 2019 for the CO2/N2 system (CO2 permeability is 1000 Barrer, α(CO2/N2) = 67)). Separation experiments with mixtures of gases confirm the high separation performance of this polymer. In particular, the data for CO2/CH4 separation are above or close to the upper bound of 2018 for mixed gases. A similar effect of introducing oxirane moieties into spiro centers is also shown for another vinyl‐addition polymer derived from 5‐isopropylidene‐2‐norbornene and is not observed for a related polymer bearing oxirane moieties at the ends of side chains. A simple synthesis of the epoxidized polymer from available 5‐ethylidene‐2‐norbornene, combined with high CO2‐permeability and selectivities, may open a window for industrial applications of this polymer in important membrane processes, in particular, for natural/biogas upgrading.

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Current state of biogas and biomethane production and its implications for Spain

Abstract: In recent years, Europe has tightened legislation to combat climate change. Among the new targets proposed by the different legal instruments, such as the European Green Deal, the Directives RED...

Cited by 6 publications

References 33 publications

Biogas Upgrading Using a Single-Membrane System: A Review

Biogas Upgrading Using a Single-Membrane System: A Review

Processing of Agricultural Residues with a High Concentration of Structural Carbohydrates into Biogas Using Selective Biological Products

The Magic of Spiro‐Epoxy Moiety: An Easy Way to Improve CO₂‐Separation Performance of Polymer Membrane

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Current state of biogas and biomethane production and its implications for Spain

Abstract: In recent years, Europe has tightened legislation to combat climate change. Among the new targets proposed by the different legal instruments, such as the European Green Deal, the Directives RED...

Cited by 6 publications

References 33 publications

Biogas Upgrading Using a Single-Membrane System: A Review

Biogas Upgrading Using a Single-Membrane System: A Review

Processing of Agricultural Residues with a High Concentration of Structural Carbohydrates into Biogas Using Selective Biological Products

The Magic of Spiro‐Epoxy Moiety: An Easy Way to Improve CO2‐Separation Performance of Polymer Membrane

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Product

Resources

About

The Magic of Spiro‐Epoxy Moiety: An Easy Way to Improve CO₂‐Separation Performance of Polymer Membrane