Comparison and Existence of Nanotechnology in Traditional Alternative Medicine: An Onset to Future Medicine

Karuppath, Sreelakshmi; Pillai, Prathesha; Nair, Shantikumar V.

doi:10.2174/2210681206666160402004710

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Nanoparticles are widely used in biotechnology and biomedical science due to their nanoscale and large surface area [ 33 , 34 , 35 ], but they have been found to sometimes produce toxicity. Biological safety and mechanism research into nano-copper is in its preliminary stages, and results thus far indicate potential toxicity for both humans and ecological systems [ 36 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects and Mechanism of Nano-Copper Exposure on Hepatic Cytochrome P450 Enzymes in Rats

Tang

Shi

et al. 2018

IJMS

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Although nano-copper is currently used extensively, the adverse effects on liver cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes after oral exposure are not clear. In this study, we determined the effects and mechanisms of action of nano- and micro-copper on the expression and activity of CYP450 enzymes in rat liver. Rats were orally exposed to micro-copper (400 mg/kg), Cu ion (100 mg/kg), or nano-copper (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) daily for seven consecutive days. Histopathological, inflammatory and oxidative stress were measured in the livers of all rats. The mRNA levels and activity of CYP450 enzymes, as well as the mRNA levels of select nuclear receptors, were determined. Exposure to nano-copper (400 mg/kg) induced significant oxidative stress and inflammation relative to the controls, indicated by increased levels of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, interferon (IFN)-γ, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP-1), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), malondialdehyde (MDA), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nitric oxide (NO) after exposure. The levels of mRNA expression of pregnane X receptor (PXR), constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) were significantly decreased in 400 mg/kg nano-copper treated rats. Nano-copper activated the expression of the NF-kappa B (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 signaling pathways. Nano-copper decreased the mRNA expression and activity of CYP 1A2, 2C11, 2D6, 2E1 and 3A4 in a dose-dependent manner. The adverse effects of micro-copper are less severe than those of nano-copper on the CYP450 enzymes of rats after oral exposure. Ingestion of large amounts of nano-copper in animals severely affects the drug metabolism of the liver by inhibiting the expression of various CYP450 enzymes, which increases the risk of drug-drug interactions in animals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects and Mechanism of Nano-Copper Exposure on Hepatic Cytochrome P450 Enzymes in Rats

Tang

Shi

et al. 2018

IJMS

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“…144 The sole combination between traditional medicine and nanomedicine will accompany a new era of affordable, safe, and effective medicinal systems that can be very supportive for a pandemic crisis like COVID-19. 154 Plant metabolites and body parts of microorganisms can be delivered by spherical NPs as a potential strategy for antiviral therapies. 145 Glycyrrhizic acid, a common ingredient in the Chinese herb licorice, has a known anti-SARS-CoV effect, but its application is limited due to cytotoxicity, poor water and bio-fluid solubility, and low bioavailability.…”

Section: Dovepressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Could Nanotechnology Help to End the Fight Against COVID-19? Review of Current Findings, Challenges and Future Perspectives

Yayehrad¹,

Siraj²,

Birhanu³

et al. 2021

IJN

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A serious viral infectious disease was introduced to the globe by the end of 2019 that was seen primarily from China, but spread worldwide in a few months to be a pandemic. Since then, accurate prevention, early detection, and effective treatment strategies are not yet outlined. There is no approved drug to counter its worldwide transmission. However, integration of nanostructured delivery systems with the current management strategies has promised a pronounced opportunity to tackle the pandemic. This review addressed the various promising nanotechnology-based approaches for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of the pandemic. The pharmaceutical, pharmacoeconomic, and regulatory aspects of these systems with currently achieved or predicted beneficial outcomes, challenges, and future perspectives are also highlighted.

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Oxidative Stress and Protein Misfolding in Skin Aging

Oak,

Patel,

Kumar

2024

Botanicals and Natural Bioactives: Prevention and Treatment of Diseases

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Aging is a visible indicator of malfunctioning or toxic proteins that sensitize other proteins to oxidative damage which is most prominently observed on the skin. Protein misfolding is caused by the protein following an incorrect folding pathway which may lead to spontaneous misfolding while oxidative stress refers to the disruption of the balance between antioxidant defenses and reactive oxygen species production. Oxidation may alter noncovalent interactions within proteins, peptide chain fragmentation, and protein cross-linking, which causes protein misfolding and further skin aging. A feedback loop is observed in all three processes. A proper understanding of these events is significant in the formulation of anti-aging preparations and further understanding of the mechanism of aging. In this Chapter, we will be discussing some natural antioxidants available to combat oxidative stress which facilitate healthy aging and normal functioning of the body. We will be elaborating on the body’s natural defense mechanism against these problems such as the role of Chaperones. We will be looking at the detailed mechanism of oxidative stress, protein misfolding, and their correlation with skin aging along with factors influencing it. The biomarkers for oxidative stress will be enlisted. A brief correlation between these processes in a test worm and how it correlates to humans and its importance will be explained in this chapter.

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Comparison and Existence of Nanotechnology in Traditional Alternative Medicine: An Onset to Future Medicine

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Effects and Mechanism of Nano-Copper Exposure on Hepatic Cytochrome P450 Enzymes in Rats

Effects and Mechanism of Nano-Copper Exposure on Hepatic Cytochrome P450 Enzymes in Rats

Could Nanotechnology Help to End the Fight Against COVID-19? Review of Current Findings, Challenges and Future Perspectives

Oxidative Stress and Protein Misfolding in Skin Aging

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