Comparing Wild American Grapes with Vitis vinifera: A Metabolomics Study of Grape Composition

Abstract

We analyzed via untargeted UHPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS the metabolome of the berry tissues (skin, pulp, seeds) of some American Vitis species (Vitis cinerea, Vitis californica, Vitis arizonica), together with four interspecific hybrids, and seven Vitis vinifera cultivars, aiming to find differences in the metabolomes of the American Vitis sp. versus Vitis vinifera. Apart from the known differences, that is, more complex content of anthocyanins and stilbenoids in the American grapes, we observed higher procyanidin accumulation (tens to hundreds of times) in the vinifera skin and seeds in comparison to American berries, and we confirmed this result via phloroglucinolysis. In the American grapes considered, we did not detect the accumulation of pleasing aroma precursors (terpenoids, glycosides), whereas they are common in vinifera grapes. We also found accumulation of hydrolyzable tannins and their precursors in the skin of the wild American grapes, which has never been reported earlier in any of the species under investigation. Such information is needed to improve the design of new breeding programs, lowering the risk of retaining undesirable characteristics in the chemical phenotype of the offspring.

Comparison of non‐anthocyanin polyphenol accumulation in the berry skins of muscadine and European grapes during ripening in China

“…Narduzzi, Stanstrup, and Mattivi () suggested that the flavan‐3‐ols in V. vinifera were monomers and polymers (dimeric and trimeric procyanidins). We observed five flavan‐3‐ols, including two monomers (epicatechin and epigallocatechin) and three gallates (epicatechin 3‐ O ‐gallate, epigallocatechin 3‐ O ‐gallate, and 4′‐ O ‐methyl‐epigallocatechin‐3‐ O ‐gallate) in all of the skins of berry ripening stages (Table S1).…”

“…The results showed that there were considerable differences in the flavonol regulation factors for these two grapes, of which F3′5′H and F3′H branch pathways were the principal carbon pathway synthesizing 3′,4′,5′-type and 3′,4′-type flavonols, respectively, in the skins of muscadine and V. vinifera grapes. Narduzzi, Stanstrup, and Mattivi (2015) suggested that the flavan-3-ols in V. vinifera were monomers and polymers (dimeric and trimeric procya- (Table S1). In particular, the composition in berry ripening muscadine skins was mainly made up of gallate form, whereas monomer and gallate forms in V. vinifera skins were both contained (e.g., 72.6%-100% and 0%-27.4% of the total flavan-3-ol in 2014, respectively; Table 2, Figure 4).…”

Profile of Polyphenol Compounds of Five Muscadine Grapes Cultivated in the United States and in Newly Adapted Locations in China

“…In addition, their skins also had flavonols such as glycosides of quercetin, kaempferol, and myricetin [3,5]. Meanwhile, abundant flavan-3-ols like procyanidins (epicatechin and epicatechin gallate) and condensed tannins were identified in muscadine seeds [13,15,16]. However, these identifications have not been fully elucidated, and the contents varied greatly in different reports [1,10,13,14,17].…”

Nutrimetabolomics: An Update on Analytical Approaches to Investigate the Role of Plant-Based Foods and Their Bioactive Compounds in Non-Communicable Chronic Diseases

“…Similarly, in 2015, Narduzzi et al [45] compared four American wild grapes with different Vitis vinifera cultivars through an untargeted LC-MS approach. The primary results obtained from this research were related to a more complex content of anthocyanins and stilbenoids in the American grapes and a higher procyanidin accumulation in the vinifera skin and seeds.…”