Profile of Polyphenol Compounds of Five Muscadine Grapes Cultivated in the United States and in Newly Adapted Locations in China

Abstract

Polyphenol compositions and concentrations in skins and seeds of five muscadine grapes (cv. "Noble", "Alachua", "Carlos", "Fry", and "Granny Val") cultivated in the United States (Tallahassee-Florida, TA-FL) and South China (Nanning-Guangxi, NN-GX and Pu'er-Yunnan, PE-YN) were investigated, using ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem triple quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC Triple TOF MS/MS). Fourteen ellagitannins were newly identified in these muscadine grapes. The grapes grown in NN-GX accumulated higher levels of ellagic acid, methyl brevifolin carboxylate, and ellagic acid glucoside in skins, and penta-O-galloyl-glucose in seeds. In PE-YN, more flavonols were detected in skins, and higher contents of flavan-3-ols, ellagic acid, and methyl gallate were identified in seeds. Abundant seed gallic acid and flavonols were found among the grapes grown in TA-FL. Based on principal component analysis (PCA) of 54 evaluation parameters, various cultivars grown in different locations could be grouped together and vice versa for the same cultivar cultivated in different regions. This is the result of the interaction between genotype and environmental conditions, which apparently influences the polyphenol synthesis and accumulation.

Evaluation of phenolic compounds, antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of 31 grape cultivars with different genotypes

“…() and Wei et al. () for V. rotundifolia Michx grapes. However, variation for specific cultivar still was observed.…”

Comparison of non‐anthocyanin polyphenol accumulation in the berry skins of muscadine and European grapes during ripening in China

“…“Carlos” flowered approximately one week later, and had one week longer growing season compared with “Noble.” European grapes were collected at three representative stages of berry development: small berries (35 DPB; e.g., “CS,” 24 May 2013 and 5 June 2014), veraison berries (65 DPB, 23 June 2013 and 5 July 2014), and fully ripened berries (85 DPB, 13 July 2013 and 25 July 2014). Grapes were picked randomly from the top, central, and bottom parts of the cluster per target phase, taking into account the balance between shadow and sun exposure, and avoid edge and center effects (Wei et al, ). Samples were immediately transported under refrigeration (ca.…”

“…Sample analysis was carried out as previously described (Wei et al, ), using an Eksigent ultraLC 110 and a Triple TOF 4600 (AB SCIEX, Framingham, MA, USA), coupled with a Duospray Ion Source interface and an automatic Calibrant Delivery System. The ultra‐performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) separation was performed on a reversed‐phase Zorbax SB‐C18 column (2.1 mm ×150 mm ×5 μm, Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA) at 35°C.…”

“…In particular, they contain ellagic acids (Huang, Wang, Williams, & Pace, ; Lee, Johnson, & Talcott, ) and flavonoid glycosides (Marshall et al, ; Pastrana‐Bonilla, Akoh, Sellappan, & Krewer, ; Sandhu & Gu, ). In our previous studies, the precursors (PC) of ellagic acid biosynthesis and flavan‐3‐ols were abundant in muscadine seeds, whereas ellagic acid derivatives (ED) and flavonols were found chiefly in their skins (Wei et al, ).…”

The comparative study among different fractions of muscadine grape ‘Noble’ pomace extracts regarding anti-oxidative activities, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in breast cancer

“…Previous studies have demonstrated that this grape confers multiple health benefits to humans, including cancer inhibition [5,6], a function that is primarily attributed to phenolic compounds [7]. Recently, several varieties of muscadine grapes were introduced to South China, and they adapted well to the climate [8]. One of these varieties, ‘Noble’, is a cultivar used for wine making [9,10].…”